AP Gov test things to remember
what was the basis of the ruling in citizens united v federal election commission?
1st amendment freedom of speech
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
A 2010 landmark Supreme Court case that ruled that individuals, corporations, and unions have right from the 1st amendment to donate unlimited amounts of money to political groups
progressive
A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
Iron Triangle
A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group
Letter from Birmingham Jail
A letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. after he had been arrested when he took part in a nonviolent march against segregation. He was disappointed more Christians didn't speak out against racism.
fed 10
A strong republic is needed to guard us from the rise of factions. (James Madison)
Bureaucracy
A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Amish do not have to attend school after 8th grade - right to freedom of religion
Brutus No. 1
An Anti-Federalist essay which argued against a strong central government based on the belief that it would not be able to meet the needs of all US citizens.
Tinker v. Des Moines School District
Armbands are a form of symbolic speech protected under the Constitution.
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case.
soft money
Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, given to parties and party committees to fund general party activities.
closed primaries
Elections to select party nominees in which only people who have registered in advance with the party can vote for that party's candidates, thus encouraging greater party loyalty.
open primaries
Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contests.
free rider problem
For a group, the problem of people not joining because they can benefit from the group's activities without joining.
House Ways and Means Committee
House committee that handles tax bills
Shaw v. Reno
No racial gerrymandering
Baker v. Carr
One man, one vote
Gideon v. Wainwright
Right to an attorney
McColloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case that denied Maryland the right to tax the Bank of the United States
McDonald v. Chicago
The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment is incorporated by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment and applies to the states.
the ability of technology to create more personalized relationships between candidates and their supporters has had an impact on what?
The rise of candidate-centered campaigns
selective incorporation
a constitutional doctrine that ensures STATES cannot enact laws that take away the constitutional rights of American citizens that are enshrined in the Bill of Rights
Super PACs
a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute directly to parties or candidates.
fed 70
a unitary executive is necessary to: ensure accountability in government.
Engel v. Vitale
banned formal prayer in schools, government should not make any religion the 'official' religion.
Nonconnected PAC
can accept funds from any individual or organization, as well as from a connected PAC, as long as those contributions are legal.
fed 51
checks and balances separation of powers
The House Rules Committee is important because it
decides the order in which bills come up for a vote on the House floor and determines the specific rules that govern the length of debate and opportunity for amendments.
Schneck v. United States
government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils
Murbury v. Madison
judicial review
hard money
money given directly to a candidate
Liberaterian
one who favors absolute liberty and free will
Rule of Law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
conference committee
special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate
prospective voting
voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate
rational choice voting
voting based on what a citizen believes is in his or her best interest
retrospective voting
voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office
Populists
workers rights and bicameralism
