AP Gov Unit 1 MC Review

In which of the following ways do political parties primarily rely on to finance their election activities?

Parties solicit funds from private donors who oftentimes contribute large sums of money

"Any candidate using Facebook can put a campaign message promising one thing in front of one group of voters while simultaneously running an ad with a completely opposite message in front of a different group of voters. The ads themselves are not posted anywhere for the general public to see (this is what's known as 'dark advertising'), and chances are, no one will ever be the wiser. That undermines the very idea of a 'marketplace of ideas,' says Ann Ravel, a former member of the Federal Election Commission who has long advocated stricter regulations on digital campaigning. 'The way to have a robust democracy is for people to hear all these ideas and make decisions and discuss,' Ravel said. 'With microtargeting, that is not happening.'" Julia Carrie Wong, "'It Might Work Too Well:' the Dark Art of Political Advertising Online," The Guardian, March 19, 2018. Which of the following scenarios reflects the most direct effect of the practice described in the passage on the electoral process?

Political parties will rely increasingly on social media advertising to reach different coalitions of voters

In a public opinion poll, a polling company used an online survey tool to randomly contact respondents who did not have telephone lines in addition to contacting people over the phone. Which of the following best explains this decision?

The company wanted to ensure the sample of the population was truly random

If voters are acting according to the retrospective model of voting, which of the following will be the most important consideration in their decision?

The effect of recent economic conditions on the voters

Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

The federal government had the authority to establish a national bank, and Maryland's tax was unconstitutional

What happens as a result of the increase in the number of social media outlets?

The reliability of the news is lessened

Which of the following features of the United States Constitution would most concern the author of Brutus 1?

The supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states

Based on the data in the chart, which of the following best explains a likely impact of third-party votes in the 2016 election? (pretend it looks like that)

The third-party vote in the three states depicted in the chart helped Donald Trump acquire enough electoral votes to win the election

An election involving more than two candidates in which the person who receives the most votes is the winner is called

a plurality election

"Letter from a Birmingham Jail," penned by Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1963, is a classic defense of which form of political protest?

civil disobedience

A(n) ______ often requires voters to declare party affiliation on their voter registration forms, which for political parties is something akin to the government collecting information for them about who likes their product

closed primary

The decision in United States v Lopez (1995) reflected new ideas about federalism at the time that can be best characterized by which of the following?

A delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty

Which of the following best describes an exit poll?

A poll asking voters at randomly selected voting places whom they voted for so election results can be predicted more quickly

Which of the following is argued by James Madison in The Federalist paper number 10?

A system of republican representation helps to limit the excesses of factionalism

How is political participation defined?

All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

Which of the following scenarios is most related to the Twenty-Sixth Amendment?

An eighteen-year-old votes in a presidential election

"Any candidate using Facebook can put a campaign message promising one thing in front of one group of voters while simultaneously running an ad with a completely opposite message in front of a different group of voters. The ads themselves are not posted anywhere for the general public to see (this is what's known as 'dark advertising'), and chances are, no one will ever be the wiser. That undermines the very idea of a 'marketplace of ideas,' says Ann Ravel, a former member of the Federal Election Commission who has long advocated stricter regulations on digital campaigning. 'The way to have a robust democracy is for people to hear all these ideas and make decisions and discuss,' Ravel said. 'With microtargeting, that is not happening.'" Julia Carrie Wong, "'It Might Work Too Well:' the Dark Art of Political Advertising Online," The Guardian, March 19, 2018. The practice of "microtargeting" described in the passage is an even more powerful campaign tool for parties if they are able to

collect and manage large databases of information on specific groups of voters

Voter turnout tends to be highest among

college-educated voters

The foundation of John Locke's philosophy was human beings...

derive their rights from nature

When a child's parents both identify strongly with the same political party, the child will most likely

identify with the parents' party

The Constitution's supremacy clause...

made the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and the national government's treaties the supreme law of the land

Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other forms of communication are collectively referred to as the

mass media

Constitutional checks and balances, especially applied to the president, are designed to...

minimize the threat of tyranny from any one branch of government

The Democratic and Republican candidates for president are formally nominated by the _____.

national party convention

Some percent of adults adopt the party preference of their...

parents

Many scholars argue the foremost factor in determining how people vote is

party identification

The Declaration of Independence argued...

people may revolt when they suffer deep injustices

The number of voters eligible to vote in the 1972 presidential election rose dramatically from the previous election, in large measure because voting was extended to

persons between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one

The official, though ambiguously written, party _____ is/are ratified by delegates and leaders at the national party convention every four years but given little serious attention.

platform

Let's say you have a patterned set of beliefs about what kind of policies the government needs to pursue, and this set of beliefs is politically conservative. Conservatism is your

political ideology

Among the factors contributing to economic turmoil under the Articles of Confederation was the...

postwar depression leaving many small farmers unable to pay their debts and threatening mortgage foreclosures

The elections producing the largest voter turnout are the

presidential elections

Of the following forms of political participation, which is more likely than the others to be classified as "conventional"?

running for office on a third-party ticket

Federalism involves two levels of government, both of which are...

sovereign

Under the Articles of Confederation, most power rested with the...

state legislatures

One reason why public policy often differs from public opinion is...

the U.S. Constitution places many checks on the influence of public opinion

The New Jersey Plan was a reaction by some states primarily to the fear...

the Virginia Plan gave too much power to populous states

Reflecting the natural rights philosophy, the Declaration of Independence states governments derive their just powers from...

the consent of the governed

Direct election of members of the House of Representatives was required by

the original U.S. Constitution

Low voter turnout in the United States can best be explained by

the voter registration system

The validity of public opinion polls may be affected by several factors, including...

the wording of questions on a poll

What major concern did the 2000 presidential election between Gore and Bush highlight regarding the role of third parties?

third parties' spoiler role in elections

Which of the following political parties is most likely to oppose reduced sentencing for nonviolent felony offenders?

The Republican Party

Two polls were taken asking the respondents whether they approved of the job President Trump was doing. Both polls used a random sample of 1,200 individuals. Poll 1: Do you approve of the job President Trump is doing as President: 35 percent approval; Margin of error: 3.5 percent Poll 2: Do you approve of the job President Trump is doing as President: 42 percent approval; Margin of error: 5.5 percent

Poll 1 and Poll 2 had results that could be identical

The years 1860-1928 saw the ascendency of which party?

Republicans

Which of the following statements can best be supported by the survey data displayed in the bar graphs? (let's pretend you remember what that graph looked like)

Republicans with a low level of political efficacy are the most likely group to say that government needs major reforms

Senator Hoffman is campaigning for reelection in her state. Her campaign message emphasizes how the policies she has supported have benefited her constituents. She has spotlighted job creation and an overall improvement in the standard of living in the state in the past six years. Senator Hoffman is hoping to appeal to which of the following voting behavior models?

Retrospective voting

Too often, we take our form of government for granted, not fully appreciating its unique and exceptional qualities. The framers of our Constitution, having revolted against tyranny, bequeathed to the nation, and to us as its citizens, a form of government with checks and balances intended to assure that we would never, as a nation, be subject to the abuses we experienced as a colony under a monarchy.... We should appreciate that the separation of powers enshrined in our Constitution was modeled on the constitutions and declarations of the states, where the separation of powers was equally observed. Mirroring our U.S. Constitution, 40 state constitutions now specify that government is to be divided into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The separation of powers at the state level, with an independent executive, legislature, and judiciary, is also one of the fundamental tenets of our democracy. What often gets lost in translation is how dynamic the competition among the branches of government has been, and how much stronger we are as a country because of that ongoing debate. It has been said that the Constitution is not just a historic document, but a living participant in who we are as a nation. Out of the continuing effort to assure the separation of powers, we have built a system of government that functions remarkably well. Although the powers ascribed to each of the three branches may sometimes appear to swing like a pendulum, we have continuously reconsidered and recentered our understanding of the authority and limitation of each of these branches. Linda Leali, "Reflecting on the Great Gift of the Separation of Powers," Daily Business Review, 2018 The author explains that the powers given to each branch "sometimes appear to swing like a pendulum" from one branch to another. Which of the following best describes how these shifts ensure that constitutional government is functional?

Separation of powers divides responsibilities and authority between branches, which allows each branch to be checked by the other two branches to ensure accountability

Which generation group is most likely to oppose a protest of national symbols or ceremonies?

Silent

Concurrent powers have which of the following effects on the United States political system?

They make it possible for the states and the national government to simultaneously exercise influence in the same areas of public policy