AP History unit 6

Why was the Hay-market square riot significant?

After this riot, the entire labor union collapsed due to lack of public support and employers did not hire anyone associated with labor unions.

How did railroad construction affect the west?

Aided economic growth, increased settlement of the great plains, and speed up the forced removal of many indian tribes.

How did corruption and dishonesty of the railroad industry affect the nation?

All Americans began to protest the government for supporting the railroad industry and they lost trust in the government.

How did the acquisition of additional territory benefit America?

America gained access to additional natural resources.

Why did the American railway association create different time zones?

As transportation became more widely available and time was inconsistent it made travel harder. So the railway association divided the country into 4 time zones to make railroads more efficient.

What role did the federal government play in institutionalizing racism?

Because of the separate but equal clause, they were facilitating separation.

What types of consolidation tactics were used by corporations in the late 1800s?

Big business corporations were dominating the market.

Which factors led to the decline of populism?

Bryan lost the election, the money supply eventually expanded after the else ion, the economy picked back up, and the government will later regulate railroads.

How did retail tactics change?

Catalogues are used to reach those in the rural areas, advertisement became more flashy, they want more people to buy products because there are more good to buy.

What was the result of the Nez Perce War?

Chief Joseph gave up and most natives will accept the reservation system.

How did the new business tactics nurture the growth of big businesses?

Companies are figuring out ways to become more efficient with production and with this efficiency the process of goods are lowered.

In what ways did the completion of the transcontinental railroad impact the nation?

Connected the east to to the west coast and facilitated a flourishing trade with asia.

How do various monetary policies affect the economy?

Depending on the economy it affects the amount/rate of investments.

How did employers discourage workers from unionizing?

Employers regarded hem and conspiracies to interfere with property rights. The employers believed that the unions wanted to overtake factories.

What was the real reason chief sitting bull was targeted by the US government?

For encouraging rebellion.

Which types of natural resources were most valuable to American Industries in the 19th century?

Fuel, water, timber, coal, iron, copper; All of these things helped American companies to prosper.

How did Joseph McCoy help expand the cattle industry?

He became a promotion agent and would go to other regions to promote cattle also started the "Wild Wild West" shows.

In what ways did Cornelius help spur the growth of railroads?

He popularized steel railroads.

What types of political policies did McKinley support?

His voting base was from the northeast; gold standard; Erdman act; Dingley tariff.

What could have made the Western Federation of Miners even more powerful?

If they had accepted people from different nationalities, their numbers would have been higher.

How did the Transcontinental Railroad affect westward expansion?

It made it easier for settlers to move west and also promoted westward expansion more than anything else.

How did the new production tactics affect manufacturing and industry?

It made mass production possible. It revolutionized industry because more steel meant more railroads, more skyscrapers, and infrastructure was increasing.

How did the invention of barbed wire affect western farmers?

It was good for the farmers because they could mark their land but caused tension between farmers and cattle drivers.

How did the Dawes Act affect the Native Americans?

It will attempt to assimilate the natives into main stream culture by making them farmers but is not successful because it counter acted native culture.

Why did many African Americans migrate to the west?

John Brown was from Kansas and advocated this state that was more socially liberal.

How was the American Federation of Labor different from the knights of labor?

Knights of labor was much stronger and more inclusive.

What types of disenfranchisement did blacks face after the Civil War?

Legal segregation.

How were the Native Americans affected by westward expansion?

Loss of culture, mobility, hunting, land, and they also experienced starvation.

What types of hardships did farmers face during the late 1800s?

Low crop prices; prices of farm equipment and supplies increased; increased debt; unfair railroad shipping prices.

Which new inventions helped the US to rapidly industrialize?

Mostly the telephone and light bulbs.

What type of impact did the settlement house movement have on society?

Pioneering and demonstrating the need for social services.

What long term effect did the Morrill tariff have on the economy?

Restricts free trade and created a trade imbalance.

What was the origin of the conflict between he Indians and white Americans?

Sand creek massacre: Cheyenne and the Arapaho Indians will be involved. The governor of colorado, John Evans, authorized the killing of hostile Indians. Black Kettle was the chief of the natives. The massacre lasted 7 hours and the Indians were promised immunity, throughout the conflict the women and children pleaded for mercy but were still killed.

How did the supreme court's decision of the civil rights cases affect society?

Sent a message that each state has the authority to execute justice of its own citizens.

In what ways did Alice Cunningham Fletcher support the well being of Native Americans?

She lived among them and shared their culture to help white Americans better understand them.

Why did President Hays intervene in the Great Railroad strike of 1877?

Some of the employees' pay was cut ten percent but their hours stayed the same; The president called in the federal troops to restore the peace and force the workers to return to work but they refused. Showed the workers that the president was willing to user federal force.

What was the overall impact of technology on society and the economy of the late 19th century?

Technology is allowing different types of people to enter the workforce. A lot of women are now interested in industry because they feel more comfortable with the new technology like typewriters and cash registers.

What was the platform of the populist party?

The Ocala Demands

What kinds of promises were made to the Indians in the Treaty of Fort Laramie?

The US and Indians agreed to stay out of each others way and not attack the other.

What controversial customs and legislation led to the Battle of Little Bighorn? Why was the Battle of Little Big Horn significant?

The White settlers breaking treaties and taking native land in addition to breaking the Treaty of Fort Laramie.;The Pentacle of Native American Power and the last Native american victory.

Which measures were taken to improve the environment and preserve the land?

The creation of national parks and protecting forests.

What led to the collapse of the grange?

The depression wiped out a lot of grange programs but it set a precedent for later organizations.

What was the result of the Curtis Act?

The dissolving of native lands and the establishment of Oklahoma.

What was the purpost of the government sponsored Homestead act?

The government did this to spread out the population and so they could confirm that the land in the west belonged to the US.

How did railroad companies raise the enormous amount of money needed to construct the railroads?

The government granted private companies generous amounts of land and also subsidies (which is something that you are doing is efficient than you get more money for the business).

What are the various characteristics of a depression?

There is large unemployment, availability of credit falls, shrinking productivity and investment, large numbers of bankruptcies, significantly reduces international trade, currency becomes highly volatile.

What was the purpose of the farmer's alliance?

They are trying to collectively bargain together to influence legislation.

How did Indians show resistance to the Dawes severalty act?

They began to practice the Ghost Dance which they believed would bring the end to white society and the return of tribal life.

What kinds of discrimination did mormons face in the west?

They commonly owned property and about 20% of the religion practiced polygamy.

How did congress seek to end the growing conflict with the Native Americans on the Plains?

They created agencies and commissions such as the Indian Peace Commission and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Why did people take such great risks to find fortunes out west when the odds were so slim?

They did it to have better lives and to get rich.

How did the GNR become the most successful transcontinental railroad?

They did not rely on government grants or funding.

Why did the US government wage buffalo killing sprees?

They did so to speed native consolidation to native reservations, reduce the number of conflicts, but the land set aside for reservations was the land no one else wanted.

What role did the federal government play in the development of the west?

They federally funded irrigation projects and supported westward expansion.

In what ways did the government support railroad construction?

They gave them land grants and government allowed the railroad to sell stocks and bonds so they would connect revenue quickly.

How did black leaders and organizations battle racism and discrimination?

They helped provide lawyers; advocated practical jobs; promoted higher education.

Why did silverites support inflation?

They needed access to more money, they were poor farmers and debtors who needed more money.

How did advocated of Native Americans work to help the tribes?

They petitioned congress, wrote books, and started schools.

Which unprecedented measures were taken by the billion dollar congress?

They placed a tariff on certain goods like wool, sugar, agricultural products, and steel.

How did the federal government help to expand institutions of higher learning in the mid 19th century?

They provided land and lab equipment.

How were farmers affected by the overproduction of agricultural goods in the late 19th century?

They received less profit because the new equipment lead to overproduction and prices fell.

Why were Plains Indians, such as the Sioux and Cheyenne, so heavily dependent upon horses?

They used horses to help them catch buffalo and for mobility because the men were nomadic.

In what ways is placer mining similar to hydraulic mining, and in what ways are they different?

They were both used as mining tools but hydraulic was more effective and went deeper into the earth.

What were the typical critiques of robber barons?

They were impossible to work with and did not care.

Why did goldbugs oppose inflation?

They were in the north and were investors and they wanted value to their money.

What kinds of discrimination did mexicans face in the west?

They were not seen as Americans and Juan Cortina led attacks on anglo communities.

What were working conditions of unskilled workers?

They worked up to 12 hour shifts, faced hazardous conditions often times unhealthy job environments and children were used to provide unskilled labor. Those working in cotton mills would breathe in cotton dust and get black lung disease.

In what ways did farmers influence politics?

They would influence their state politics, successful in influencing state legislature.

Why was the Red River War significant?

This opened up western Texas for White Settlers and ends native threat.

How did the rest of the country perceive the west during the 19th and 20th century?

Through the dime novels people saw the west as very dreamy and free.

What was significant of the interstate commerce commission?

Was the first independent agency that intervened in the private affairs of business.

Why was the Wounded Knee Massacre significant?

Was the last conflict between Indians and Americans and the indians were defeated.

Why was the election of 1896 significant?

When the populist movement reached its peak. Bryan gave over 600 speeches but lost the election.

What types of problems plagued the urban city?

Wide scale poverty, immigrants, and unemployment.

Why did women in the west gain suffrage earlier than those in other parts of the country?

Women and men were doing work as equals. The state of Wyoming was the first to grant women's suffrage and other states soon jumped on the bandwagon.

Describe the typical cowboy and the conditions of his work.

Young, usually in their 20s, unmarried, and only in the industry for 5-10 years. The pay was not very good and conditions were tough because they had no assistance.

What type of social mobility did sharecropping afford black farmers?

not much.