AP History Unit 7

The persistence of popular isolationist sentiment in the United States in the early 1900s

The excerpt could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical developments?

Debates emerged over the proper role of the United States in the world.

The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments?

Some political leaders pointed to traditions of self-determination when making foreign policy.

"If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability. "The Filipinos do not need any encouragement from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement, not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated to make the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, "Give me liberty or give me death," he expressed a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men. . . . "The Democratic party does not oppose expansion when expansion enlarges the area of the Republic and incorporates land which can be settled by American citizens, or adds to our population people who are willing to become citizens and are capable of discharging their duties as such. ". . . [W]e have a right to demand of the Republican leaders a discussion of the future status of the Filipino. Is he a citizen or a subject? . . . Are they to share with us in making the laws and shaping the destiny of this nation?" William Jennings Bryan, speech accepting the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency, 1900 The point of view of the first two paragraphs of the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following historical arguments?

The creation of new manufacturing methods allowed factories to greatly increase production.

"In the decades following the Civil War, American capitalism began to produce a distinct culture, unconnected to traditional family or community values, to religion in any conventional sense, or to political democracy. It was a secular business and market-oriented culture, with the exchange and circulation of money and goods at the foundation of its aesthetic life and of its moral sensibility. . . . "By World War I, Americans were being enticed into consumer pleasure and indulgence rather than into work as the road to happiness. . . . For generations, America had been portrayed as a place of plenty, a garden in which all paradisiacal longings would be satisfied. . . . By the early 1900s this myth was being transformed, urbanized and commercialized, increasingly severed from its religious aims and focusing ever more on personal satisfaction and even on such new pleasure palaces as department stores, theaters, restaurants, hotels, dance halls, and amusement parks. . . . This new era heralded the pursuit of goods as the means to all 'good' and to personal salvation." William Leach, historian, Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture, 1993 Which of the following long-term developments in the second half of the 1800s best helps to explain the change in United States culture depicted in the excerpt?

They feared that unfair corporate practices were undermining smaller companies and promoting economic inequality.

"[John D. Rockefeller, the owner of the Standard Oil Company] secured an alliance with the railroads to drive out rivals. For fifteen years he received rebates of varying amounts on at least the greater part of his shipments, and for at least a portion of that time he collected drawbacks of the oil other people shipped; at the same time he worked with the railroads to prevent other people getting oil to manufacture, or if they got it he worked with the railroads to prevent the shipment of the product. If it reached a dealer, he did his utmost to bully or wheedle him to countermand his order. If he failed in that, he undersold until the dealer, losing on his purchase, was glad to buy thereafter of Mr. Rockefeller. . . . "We, the people of the United States, and nobody else, must cure whatever is wrong in the industrial situation, typified by this narrative of the growth of the Standard Oil Company. That our first task is to secure free and equal transportation privileges by rail, pipe and waterway is evident. It is not an easy matter. . . . At all events, until the transportation matter is settled, and settled right, the monopolistic trust will be with us, a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free efforts. "As for the ethical side, there is no cure but in an increasing scorn of unfair play—an increasing sense that a thing won by breaking the rules of the game is not worth the winning. When the business man who fights to secure special privileges, to crowd his competitor off the track by other than fair competitive methods, receives the same summary disdainful ostracism by his fellow that the doctor or lawyer who is 'unprofessional,' the athlete who abuses the rules, receives, we shall have gone a long way toward making commerce a fit pursuit for our young men." Ida M. Tarbell, journalist, The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904 Evidence from the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following arguments about journalists during the Progressive Era?

Political leaders advocated applying democratic principles to relationships between countries.

"[The issues behind the First World War] must be settled . . . with a full and unequivocal acceptance of the principle that the interest of the weakest is as sacred as the interest of the strongest. . . . "If it be in deed and in truth the common objective of the governments associated against Germany . . . to achieve by the coming settlements a secure and lasting peace, it will be necessary that all who sit down at the peace table shall come ready and willing . . . to create . . . the only instrumentality by which it can be made certain that the agreements of the peace will be honored and fulfilled. ". . . That indispensable instrumentality is a league of nations formed under covenants that will be [effective]. Without such an instrumentality, by which the peace of the world can be guaranteed, peace will rest in part upon the word of outlaws and only upon that word. . . . "And, as I see it, the constitution of that League of Nations and the clear definition of its objects must be a part, is in a sense the most essential part, of the peace settlement itself. . . . "Special alliances and economic rivalries and hostilities have been the prolific source in the modern world of the plans and passions that produce war. . . . ". . . In the same sentence in which I say that the United States will enter into no special arrangements or understandings with particular nations let me say also that the United States is prepared to assume its full share of responsibility for the maintenance of the common covenants and understandings upon which peace must henceforth rest. We still read [George] Washington's immortal warning against 'entangling alliances' with full comprehension and an answering purpose. But only special and limited alliances entangle; and we recognize and accept the duty of a new day in which we are permitted to hope for a general alliance which will avoid entanglements and clear the air of the world for common understandings and the maintenance of common rights." President Woodrow Wilson, speech in New York City at a campaign to encourage Americans to purchase war bonds during the First World War, 1918 The purpose of the speech in the excerpt best supports which of the following arguments about United States foreign policy in the 1910s?

was given before the Treaty of Versailles was concluded

A limitation of using the speech excerpted to study opposition to the League of Nations is that the speech

The growth of the middle class during the Gilded Age

The development by the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt represented a continuation of which of the following earlier developments?

Progressive Era reformers sought federal legislation and court action to help regulate economic markets.

The situation depicted in the excerpt was most significant because it led to which of the following outcomes?

The changes in traditional ideas about United States noninvolvement in Europe

The speech could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical situations related to the First World War?

Americans were uncertain how to deal with the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy.

Which of the following can be concluded based on the historical context in which the excerpt was produced?

In both periods, new technology increasingly connected Americans to commerce and markets.

Which of the following explains a similarity between the United States economy in the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt and the United States economy in the first half of the 1800s?

The anti-imperialist idea in the speech about the racial differences between Filipinos and White Americans was similar to the racial theories of imperialists.

Which of the following is a limitation of using Bryan's speech to study the differences between imperialism and anti-imperialism in the early 1900s?

Because the excerpt suggests that the Standard Oil Company was undemocratic and unethical, it overlooks the benefits of economic consolidation.

Which of the following would most likely be considered a significant limitation of the excerpt resulting from its purpose?