ap huge-- unit five study guide

complete the von thunen model analysis (model seven of the models packet).

((idk what this is. if i could get help on this, that would be great. sorry, guys))

how do the following influence food choices: local food production and movement?

by locating facilities close to where the harvest occurs, companies could work with very fresh products—and benefit from the lower labor and land costs in rural areas

how do the following influence food choices: valued-added specialty crops?

crops that have little enhancement or specialty, but are given high value names and are sold for much higher prices.

what are intensive farming practices?

examples of intensive farming practices are wet rice farming and market gardening in many states in the us.

how do the following affect the patterns of global food distribution: infrastructure?

infrastructure in certain countries is built as to allow for easy transportation. infrastructure is not only the layout of a city, it can also allow roads to easily lead to ports for easy transportation of goods.

how do the following economic factors influence agricultural production: intensive land use?

intensive land use includes more capital and paid labor. an example of intensive land use is wet rice farming, which required lots of labor. because terrace farming is practices, machinery can be very difficult to use.

define the following modern agricultural innovations: biotechnology.

the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc

define the following agricultural practices: irrigation

the process of diverting water from its natural course or location to aid in the production of crops

define the following agricultural practices: deforestation

the removal of large tracts of forest

what are commodity chains?

a process used by corporations to gather resources and transform into goods and then transport them to consumers.

how are the following issues related to agriculture: reduction in biodiversity?

farmers are growing fewer varieties of crops than ever before. specializing in one crop, which is known as monocropping, or monoculture, then reduces the diversity of the insects, animals, and other organisms that depend on other varieties of plants. to keep abandoned varieties of plants from disappearing forever, scientists save seeds in international and national seed banks

define the following modern agricultural innovations: organic farming.

food produced without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers or other unnatural processes

what are the negative consequences of the green revolution?

one of the well known negative consequences of the green revolution is the unnatural way that higher yields did come about. the high use of pesticides, herbicides, and genetic engineering have "polluted" the way agriculture has worked. agriculture has also polluted air with the massive use of machinery. the continuous use of fossil fuels has emitted gases that have destroyed air quality and therefore killed because of it. finally, water has been taken up by agriculture and not given back to the people, including those in a major drought.

((i can not put pictures on a quizlet for the next questions about rural settlement patterns))

((if you want them, contact me somehow. or do it yourself, your capable. obviously. and, i've done all of this for you. do something yourself boio. ))

explain the interdependence of regions of food production and consumption.

Because of climate and temperature, some produce can only be grown in certain regions of the world. Many regions are produce specific and only a few crops can be grown in these areas. Because of this, regions are required to trade with each and be dependent of produce from another region so diets are balanced and crops can be available in regions in which certain crops can not be grown.

how have the agricultural innovations created conflict and controversy regarding environmental, cultural and health impacts?

agricultural innovations including pesticides, herbicides, and genetic modification are seen as unnatural and have been proven to effect the health of the consumer and even harm the environment. pesticides and herbicides can be harmful to the consumer and all three can be harmful to the environment through the spread of these unnatural practices.

how are the following issues related to agriculture: river and aquifer depletion?

agriculture takes up about seventy percent of current usable fresh water, and even though this is such a high amount, the water is running out. water levels in rivers and aquifers are falling exponentially while raising little. there are chances that the agriculture industry could fail once this water is completely gone; this could be soon due to the high demand of produce across the globe.

how are the following issues related to agriculture: sustainability?

because maintaining soil quality is very difficult, and water quality and such is very precise, farmers have to constantly analyze their decisions in order to strike a balance between immediate profitability and long-term sustainability

what impact did these advances have on industrial production?

because of an increase in population, the job pool also increased. this allowed for more jobs in industry, and therefore a large increase in industrial production.

how does food choice impact the patterns of food production and consumption?

because people choose what to eat, they choose the demand. producers work for the consumers and will change the quality or crop based on the demand and what consumers want.

define the following agricultural practices: terraces

building a series of steps into the side of a hill, as to create many flat surfaces; collects rainfall; effective for rice farming

explain the connection between physical geography and agricultural practices.

climate, soil types, and land forms influence how and what people farm in a region.

define the following agricultural practices: draining wetlands

draining wetlands is the act of removing water from wetlands as to dry them out either to use the land for agriculture or to use the water for agriculture.

where were the early agricultural hearths?

early agricultural hearths were in southwest asia

what are extensive farming practices?

examples of extensive farming practices are shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, and ranching.

how do the following economic factors influence agricultural production: extensive land use?

extensive land use requires very few inputs of capital and paid labor. example of extensive land use would be shifting cultivation, herding, and ranching.

what impact did high yield seeds have on agricultural practices?

high yield seeds impacted agricultural practices by allowing for two crops to be grown per year. this was because more crops could be grown in a single seed.

why is von thunen's model of land use important to rural land use practices?

it explains which regions are best for economic advantages in terms of proximity to markets. while technological improvements have allowed for this to be altered, it is still very similar.

how do conservation efforts change land use?

land for agriculture began to be bought by single men rather than ownership of an entire city or region ((?))

how has large scale agribusiness connected production and consumption?

large scale agribusiness has large amount of production. products go to places all over the world and are consumed by people in many different regions. through a chain of processing and traveling, producers and many consumers are connected.

what is the impact of large scale commercial agriculture?

large scale commercial agriculture has changed agriculture to more of a technology and mass producing business. it has also taken over small farms, so most, to all, farms in many countries are large commercial farms

how are agricultural products from low-latitude regions part of the global food chain?

low-latitude regions grow crops such as coffee, tea, bananas, pineapples, and cocoa that cannot be grown in mid-latitude countries. when imported to mid-latitude countries, they are considered "luxury foods" and are more expensive in mid-latitude regions.

how are the following issues related to agriculture: overgrazing?

many herders can allow for cattle to overgraze in already arid fields. this can cause the soil to degrade and erode, making it so it is impossible to grow crops in areas such as.

how did these advances increase production?

many of the advances allowed for faster and higher rates of production, along with ways to store very high amounts of these crops.

how are the following issues related to agriculture: extensive fertilizer and pesticide use?

most farmers rely more on chemical fertilizers. if too much is applied, the excess contaminates nearby water supplies, producing significant environmental damage, including algal blooms

how do the following economic factors influence agricultural production: commercial agriculture?

most or all of the crops grown for commercial agriculture are driven to urban markets, or sold to companies for canning or freezing.

how do the following affect the patterns of global food distribution: political systems?

neocolonialism is affecting food distribution/quality. Neocolonialism, the use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies, can be one way to describe the current state of global food distribution.

what are the positive consequences of the green revolution?

one of the most prominent positive impacts of the green revolution would be higher yields. this has allowed for more food for people in most countries and has improved economies across the world. it prevented a famine in the 1960s and and fed the exponentially growing population.

what impact did these advances have on diet?

overall, technological advances have led to better diets

how are the following issues related to agriculre: soil degradation?

overgrazing and planting without keeping precise nitrogen levels can easily lead to soil degradation and erosion. this can cause and area to not be able to produce vegetation.

how do the following influence food choices: organic farming?

people are allowed to choose to eat produce that is grown organically. because of this, people can choose to eat foods that are not grown unnaturally through the use of pesticides, fertilizers, or genetic modification

define the following modern agricultural innovationss: genetically modified organisms.

plants or animals that scientists in a laboratory modified by extracting genes of one species and inserting them into the DNA of another species

how do the following affect the patterns of global food distribution: patterns of world trade?

some forms of produce may not get to certain regions of the world.

what are some of the technological advances of the second agriculture revolution?

some of the technological advancement of the second agricultural revolution include the steel plough, the mccormick reaper, the grain elevator and many other innovations.

how do the following economic factors influence agricultural production: subsistence farming?

subsistence farming is located near cities when land use is intensive so that it may be sold directly to markets, while it is far from markets when land use is extensive, allowing for access to local markets.

how do spatial variations in temperature and rainfall determine agricultural production?

temperature and rainfall determine which crops can be grown in certain areas, and also when prime planting and harvest would be.

what is the green revolution (third agricultural revolution)?

the advances in plant biology that began in the mid-twentieth century.

how did the columbian exchange result in the globalization of domesticate plants and animals?

the columbian exchange was a global movement of plants and animals. it brought crops of places with thriving farms and agricultural revolutions.

how do the following influence food choices: fair trade?

the fair trade movement is designed to get more money into the hands of the small farmers in poor countries who actually raise the crops, rather than supporting large transnational corporations that manage trade in these products. this allows for small farms to rise and make money selling, usually, organic produce.

what is agribusiness?

the integration of various steps of production in the food-processing industry

how are the following issues related to agriculture: animal waste?

the large amount of waste cattle can produce while being while consuming high-quality feed can include gases such as ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide that can pollute the air, and liquid wastes that can pollute the water supply. Feedlots must be well-managed to avoid causing significant environmental damage.

how does population alter the physical landscape to increase food production?

the population has altered physical landscapes by created a form of agriculture called terrace farming, in which farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill, as to create many flat surfaces.

define the following modern agricultural innovations: aquaculture.

the practice of raising and harvesting fish and other forms of food that live in water

what impact did these advances have on the length of life?

these advances have lengthened life spans

what impact did these advances have on population growth?

this has caused a major increase in population

what technological improvements change the economies of scale in the agriculture sector?

transportation and refrigeration has changed the economic factor of the agriculture sector. because of the ability to transport items faster and keep them fresh, farms and producers of dairy and meats do not have to be near the market. this allows for prices to stay the same, no matter the distance, because the produce stays fresh in refrigerated systems and faster transportation.