AP Human Geo Chapter 2 Test

Physiological population density is viewed as a superior measure of population density for which of the following reasons? A. It is more reflective of population pressure on arable land. B. It yields the average population density. C. It is more reflective of the world's largest population concentrations. D. It measures the average by dividing total land area by total number of people. E. It best reflects the percentage of a country's population that is urbanized.

A. It is more reflective of population pressure on arable land.

Which of the following characteristics is currently shared by Switzerland, Canada, and New Zealand? A. Low population-growth rates B. Primate urban systems C. High infant-mortality rates D. Membership in the European Union (EU) E. More than ten percent of the population involved in sheep farming

A. Low population-growth rates

One would expect to find a population with a relatively young age structure in A. less developed countries B. highly developed countries C. countries with a low death rate D. countries with a low fertility rate E. countries with a high standard of living

A. less developed countries

Which of the following best explains why, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Thomas Malthus proposed his population theory? A. Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself. B. Malthus theorized that the ability of a population to feed itself would increase with the expansion of the population; more people would mean greater knowledge invested in expanding food production. C. Malthus theorized that reductions of infant mortality would eventually result in slower population growth rates. D. Malthus theorized that agricultural developments in the mid-to-late eighteenth century would result in a significant expansion of food production, therefore alleviating the threat of overpopulation. E. Malthus theorized the only way to prevent overpopulation would be to create policies that would limit the number of children a family could have.

Answer A Correct. According to Malthusian theory, population (if left unchecked) expands at a much faster rate than food production. This theory on population emerged during the Industrial Revolution in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries before the expansion of mechanized agriculture and factory food production.

The increasing percentage of urban dwellers in more-developed countries is best explained by A. greater access to job opportunities, resources, and facilities B. a critical need for workers in the primary economic sector C. an abundance of arable land for agricultural use D. a desire for more living space and a slower lifestyle E. inadequate health care and few educational resources

Answer A Correct. Living in an urban areas provides residents with increased access to job opportunities and resources/facilities for healthcare and education as compared with rural areas.

A. Arithmetic density B. Physiological density C. Agricultural density D. Urban density E. Suburban density

Answer A Correct. The map shows arithmetic density, which is the number of people per unit of land.

Which of the following describes the most likely cause of death for a citizen of a country in stages 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model? A. Infectious diseases due to poor sanitation B. Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle C. Starvation due to an unstable food supply D. Infectious diseases due to a lack of vaccines and antibiotics E. Reemergence of previously eradicated diseases

Answer B Correct. In stages 4 and 5, most deaths are caused by diseases related to age and lifestyle, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Which of the following types of countries are most likely challenged with the problems associated with a large youth-dependent population, such as providing public primary education for all children? A. More developed countries B. Less developed countries C. Free market countries D. Landlocked countries E. Island countries

Answer B Correct. Primary education provision concerns less developed countries, which typically have a large youth population percentage because of high birth rates.

In which of the following contexts could a neo-Malthusian perspective most successfully explain population characteristics? A. A country experiencing population decline, where birth rates are low B. A country with a low rate of natural population increase, where a small percentage of citizens work in agriculture C. A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk D. A country experiencing significant out-migration, where economic conditions lead many job seekers to move to other countries E. A country recovering from an environmental disaster, where infrastructure must be rebuilt

Answer C Correct. A neo-Malthusian perspective argues that population growth may put a strain on resources such as food supplies, requiring government intervention to reduce birth rates.

Which of the following best describes a country with a rate of natural increase of 0.4 ? A. Negative population growth B. Low life expectancy C. Slow population growth D. Increasing fertility rates E. Decreasing percent elderly population

Answer C Correct. A rate of natural increase of 0.4 would indicate slow annual population growth, as birth rates would be only slightly higher than death rates.

Which of the following describes the spatial pattern shown in the map of total fertility rates? A. The highest total fertility rates are shown in Latin America, North Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. B. The lowest total fertility rates are shown in Latin America, North Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. C. The lowest total fertility rates are shown in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East. D. The lowest total fertility rates are shown in Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada. E. The highest total fertility rates are shown in Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada.

Answer D Correct. Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada all have low total fertility rates below the replacement rate of 2.1 children per female of birthing age.

The data in the table can be used to describe a high level of female empowerment for which of the following countries? A. Mexico B. India C. Nigeria D. France E. Egypt

Answer D Correct. France's birth rate of 12 is the lowest on the list. Low birth rates are one indicator of greater female empowerment within a country.

Which of the following would be most likely to increase life expectancy in a less developed country, resulting in an aging population in that country? A. An increase in the country's birth rate B. Rural-to-urban migration within the country C. Improvements in transportation and communication networks D. Improvements in access to health care and sanitation E. A decrease in the country's total fertility rate

Answer D Correct. Improvements in access to health care and sanitation can contribute to increased life expectancies in less developed countries. These types of improvements can help prevent deaths from infectious diseases.

The low birth and death rates for a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition model are best explained by A. the rural population and agricultural livelihood of a less developed country. B. the level of education and traditional roles for women in a less developed country C. the resource-based economy and life expectancy of a less developed country D. the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country E. the environmental pollution and manufacturing infrastructure of a more developed country

Answer D Correct. More developed countries have low natural increase rates and high literacy rates due to social and medical advancements.

Based on the data shown, which of the following describes the most likely population context for the countries listed? A. High youth dependency ratio and a lack of economic resources to provide for large families B. Rapid population growth in cities as people migrate from rural to urban areas for industrial jobs C. Shortage of arable land on which to raise crops and other food products to support the population D. Unstable food supply due to a rapidly growing population E. Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates

Answer E Correct. In stage 5 of the demographic transition model, birth rates drop below death rates and the total population increases in age. As a result, countries in stage 5 of the demographic transition model have a high a high elder dependency ratio.

Since the 1970s changes in the social roles, lifestyles, and employment patterns of women in Europe, Canada, and the United States have affected the overall population through which of the following? A. Increased total fertility rates B. Decreased total fertility rates C. Increased death rates D. Decreased death rates E. Increased infant mortality rates

B. Decreased total fertility rates

The ability of a resource base to sustain a population is known as its A. support ratio B. carrying capacity C. subsistence limit D. basic employment E. population pressure

B. carrying capacity

On the map above, which one of the following boxes is in an area where the population density is high and the level of economic development is low? A B C D E

C

The measure of the average number of children who are born to women of childbearing age (15-45) in the population is called the: ​​​​​​A. actual birth rate B. crude birth rate C. total fertility rate D. adjusted birth rate E. net reproduction ratio

C. ​​​​​​total fertility rate

Which population pyramid shown above best represents a college town? A B C D E

D

"Doubling time" or the number of years required for a population to double in size can be estimated by A. ​​​​​dividing the total population by the Total Fertility Rate ​​​​​​​B. counting back the number of years to when the population was half the current size ​​​​​​​C. multiplying the Total Fertility Rate by the Rate of Natural Increase ​​​​​​​D. dividing 70 by the Total Population Growth E. multiplying the Rate of Natural Increase by the Total Life Expectancy

​​​​​​​D. dividing 70 by the Total Population Growth

A country at the end of the demographic transition usually has which of the following? A. High birth and low death rates B. A high infant mortality rate C. A high crude birth rate D. Low birth and death rates E. High population density

D. Low birth and death rates

The sex ratio represented in the age-sex graph above for Country X is most likely the result of A. high infant mortality B. undercounting of females C. an epidemic with high mortality D. a period of war E. a large guest-worker population

E. a large guest-worker population

In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by A. a shift in the composition of national populations toward greater ethnic balance B. a net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over births C. migration between European countries D. large-scale population movements following periods of war or widespread civil unrest E. urbanization and falling birth rates

E. urbanization and falling birth rates