AP Human Geography/European History Hints and Answers

1. (E) increasing number of peasant land holdings

1. Among the adverse economic changes in 14th century Europe were?

10. (E) raised wages because of scarcity of labor

10. Economically, the great plague & the crises of the 14th cen raised?

11. (S) lower wages by legal means

11. European aristocracy responded to the adversity of the great plague by?

12. (S) gap increased, nobles held contempt for peasants

12. Post-plague socioeconomic relations between rich & poor in Europe:

13. (E) decline in feudalism

13. A key economic consequence of the plague was a decline in?

14. (P) massacred participants

14. The French gov't & aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by?

15. (E) increase in economic expectations (more taxes)

15. The English Peasants Revolt of 1381 was caused by?

16. (E) decrease in competition

16. Merchants & manufacturers responded to the economic tribulations of the 14th century by restricting?

17. (P) Edward III

17. One major issue behind the 100 yrs War was the claim to the French throne by the English King __________

18. (I) longbow

18. One decisive advantage that England had at the beginning of the 100 yrs War was?

19. (P) peasants [as] foot soldier[s]

19. In the conduct of the 100 yrs War, a sure sign of feudalism's decline was the decisive role of?

2. (E) little ice age

2. What was the main cause of the early 14th century famines?

20. (P) Agincourt

20. The crucial battle of the 100 yrs War that was won by Henry V in 1415 & that led to the treaty & apparent victory in the war for Henry & England was the Battle of?

21. (P) Orleans

21. Joan of Arc saved France by inspiring the French soldiers to break the English siege of?

22. (P) [be] burned at the stake as a heretic

22. After helping drive the English from France, Joan of Arc went on to?

23. (P) became the House of Lords

23. During the reign of Edward III of England, the Great Council of the barons became the?

24. (S) Christine de Pizan

24. France's "1st women of letters" was?

25. (P) chaos & civil war

25. Politically, France by the end of the 14th cen saw?

26. (P) gave 7 electors power to choose "king of the Romans"

26. The Golden Bull of 1356 in Germany gave?

27. (A) 100s of independent states

27. Prior to the Golden Bull of 1356, Germany was a land composed of 100's of?

28. (P) failed to develop a centralized monarchical state

28. Politically, Italy & Germany were similar in the 14th cen because both regions?

29. (P) mercenary bands (ruled as dictators)

29. The Italian condottieri were leaders of?

3. (A) Asia

3. The bubonic plague originated in?

30. (P) Popolo grasso

30. Florence was ruled throughout most of the 13th & 14th cen by the?

31. (E) maritime commercial empire (control all trade)

31. The chief ambition of the Venetian city-state in the 14th cen was to create?

32. (P) Council of Ten

32. In Venice, ultimate governmental executive power was held by the?

33. (R) taxed churchmen without permission of the Church

33. The conflict between Pope Boniface VIII & Philip IV of France began when Philip?

34. (A) Avignon

34. From 1305-1377, the Papacy resided across the French border in the town of?

35. (R) damaged the faith of many believers

35. One overall result of the Great Schism was to? (1st one)

36. (R) French cardinals elected a 2nd pope

36. The Great Schism arose in 1378 when the French?

37. (R) church must consign self to spiritual matters only

37. In Defender of the Peace, Marsiglio of Padua took the position that the church must?

38. (R) emphasized personal feeling of oneness with God

38. Mysticism in the 14th century emphasized?

39. (R) Gerard Groote

39. The mystic who founded the Modern Devotion movement & led the group known as the Brothers of the Common Life was?

4. (S) reoccurred in severe outbreaks for centuries [added to answer]: most famous for the European outbreak in 1347/1348

4. The Black Death did what for centuries?

40. (R) claimed that one could achieved union with the soul of God

40. Meister Eckhart was a mystic who?

41. (R) Occam

41. The 15th century theologian who claimed that reason could not prove spiritual truth was?

42. (A) The Decameron

42. What was Boccaccio's most famous work?

43. (A) synthesis of medieval Christian thought

43. Dante's Divine Comedy is considered a synthesis of?

44. (R/A) Art of dying

44. Ars moriendi refers to the?

45. (A) wrote sonnets in Latin

45. Explain who Petrarch was, what he did, etc.

46. (R) Catherine of Siena

46. Among the great & influential female religious mystics of the 14th century was?

47. (S) prostitution in communities

47. Changed urban attitudes in the 14th century included the regulation & acceptance of?

48. (S) parents lavished considerable attention/affection on their offspring

48. Concerning parent-child relationships in the Middle Ages parents?

49. (I) clocks

49. The most revolutionary 13th & 14th century invention was?

5. (P)organized massacres against the Jews

5. Progroms were organized against whom?

50. (S/E) new employment opportunities

50. Women benefited from the Black Death because there were?

6. (S) increase in violence, preoccupation with death, (E) economic depression, (R) formation of the flagellants

6. What were reactions to the great plague?

7. (R) physically punished themselves to win forgiveness of God

7. The flagellants were groups who?

8. (A) German cities

8. The persecutions against the Jew during the Black Death was the worst where?

9. (S) perception that life was "cheap"

9. The devastation of the great plague in the 14th century led to the _____________.