AP Psych 7A

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names? A. Implicit memories are easier to recall than explicit memories are. B. Proactive interference is less likely to affect childhood learning. C. Iconic memory is superior to echoic memory D. Source amnesia may interfere with Group 1's ability to recall the names of the dwarfs. E. Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them than the recall task assigned to Group 1.

Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them than the recall task assigned to Group 1.

During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day's events. This best illustrates: A. The spacing effect B. Automatic processing C. Rosy retrospection D. Echoic memory E. Short-term memory

automatic processing

Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way of facilitating: A. Semantic encoding B. Automatic processing C. Mood-congruent memory D. Proactive interference E. Implicit memory

semantic encoding

Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as: A. Recall B. Long-term potentiation C. Automatic processing D. State-dependent memory E. Chunking

Automatic Processing

Recorded information played during sleep is registered by the ears but is not remembered. This illustrates that the retention of information requires: A. Proactive interference B. State-dependent memory C. Chunking D. Effortful processing E. Priming

effortful processing

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by: A. The misinformation effect B. Context effects C. Echoic memory D. Semantic encoding E. Flashbulb memory formation

context effects

The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in: A. Encoding B. Storage C. Retrieval D. Implicit memory E. Iconic memory

encoding

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of: A. Storage decay B. Proactive interference C. Encoding failure D. Retroactive interference E. Source amnesia

encoding failure

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to corrode neural connections and interfere with the process of: A. Processing implicit memories B. Retrieving memories stored in the amygdala C. Forming long-term explicit memories D. Repressing childhood memories E. Storing mood-congruent memories

forming long-term explicit memories

Storage decay that causes us to forget information is illustrated by the famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve that shows how well we remember information depends on: A. How long ago we learned that information B. The nature of our mood during encoding and retrieval C. Whether the information is part of our implicit or explicit memory D. Whether the information was acoustically or visually encoded E. Whether proactive interference occurred

how long ago we learned that information

You are most likely to automatically encode information about: A. Politicians' names B. Friends' birthdays C. New phone numbers D. How many times you called someone before they answered E. Dates in a history book

how many times you called someone before they answered

The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memories . A. Iconic B. Flashbulb C. Implicit D. Echoic E. State-dependent

iconic

Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle or how to ride a bike without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________ memory: A. Semantic B. Explicit C. Flashbulb D. Implicit E. Sensory

implicit

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for his wife to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, she attempts to write down the items. Due to the serial position effect, she is most likely to forget the items: A. At the beginning of the list B. At the end of the list C. In the middle of the list D. At the beginning and in the middle of the list E. At the middle and the end of the list

in the middle of the list

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve: A. Motivated forgetting B. Repression C. Implicit memory loss D. Interference E. Long-term potentiation

interference

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory. A. Sensory B. State-dependent C. Long-term D. Flashbulb E. Implicit

long-term

An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized? A. Recall B. Relearning C. Recognition D. Misinformation E. Reconstruction

recognition

In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as: A. Priming B. Rehearsal C. The peg-word system D. Chunking E. The serial position effect

rehearsal

Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for: A. Chunking B. Rehearsal C. Implicit memory D. Automatic processing E. Priming

rehearsal

Repression of sexual abuse and motivated forgetting of gambling losses most clearly involve a failure in: A. Encoding B. Retrieval C. Storage D. Iconic memory E. Long-term potentiation

retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory is called: A. Priming B. Encoding C. Relearning D. Retrieval E. Rehearsal

retrieval

When John applied for a driver's license, he was embarrassed by a momentary inability to remember his address. John's memory difficulty most likely resulted from a(n) ________ failure. A. Rehearsal B. Storage C. Encoding D. Retrieval E. Automatic processing

retrieval

The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful: A. Echoic memory B. Retrieval cue C. Implicit memory D. Spacing effect E. Mnemonic

retrieval cue

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the old combination Milton is experiencing the effects of: A. Encoding failure B. Source amnesia C. Retroactive interference D. Proactive interference E. Automatic processing

retroactive interference

The vague statement, "Arrange the items into different groups before and after the procedure," becomes easier to understand and recall when the same sentence is given the heading: "Doing Laundry." This best illustrates the influence of: A. Acoustic encoding B. Parallel processing C. Long term potentiation D. Semantic encoding E. Mnemonic devices

semantic encoding

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants. This study found that ________ memories have a limited duration without active processing and rehearsal. A. Echoic B. Long-term C. Mood-congruent D. Short-term E. Flashbulb

short-term

Long-term potentiation refers to: A. The impact of overlearning on retention B. An automatic tendency to recall emotionally significant events C. An increase in the synaptic firing of neurons during learning D. The process of learning something without any conscious memory of having learned it E. The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

an increase in the synaptic firing of neurons during learning.

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity? A. Echoic memory B. Short-term memory C. Long-term memory D. Iconic memory E. Proactive memory

Long-term memory

Which of the following best describes the position of many current researchers regarding repression? A. Repressed memories protect our self-concept and minimize anxiety. B. Only implicit memories are repressed into unconsciousness C. Repression rarely occurs as it is difficult to forget emotional material D. Repressed memories, once out of consciousness, are not harmful E. The activity of the hippocampus leads to repression

Repression rarely occurs as it is difficult to forget emotional materials

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence "George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow" to help him remember the spelling of "geography." Tim is using: A. A mnemonic device B. The peg-word system C. The spacing effect D. Priming E. The serial position effect

a mnemonic device

Your ability to immediately recognize the voice over the phone as your mother's illustrates the value of: A. The spacing effect B. Implicit memory C. Acoustic encoding D. Chunking E. State-dependent memory

acoustic encoding

The numbers 1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 7, 7, 8 are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to 1776 and 1812. This provides an illustration of: A. Chunking B. The peg-word system C. Automatic processing D. The spacing effect E. The serial position effect

chunking

Knowing that each letter in the word HOMES stands for one the first letter of one of the Great Lakes is memory aid that involves the use of vivid imagery and clever ways of organizing material. These memory techniques are called: A. Semantic techniques B. Iconic traces C. Organizational cues D. Mnemonic devices E. Flashbulb memories

mnemonic devices

When Bryan's girlfriend broke up with him, he felt very down. As he sat in his bedroom, he thought about all of the other times his heart had been broken. Bryan's experience provides an example of: A. Retroactive interference B. Implicit memory C. Mood-congruent memory D. Iconic memory E. Long-term potentiation

mood-congruent memory.

We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain? A. Serial position effect B. Parallel processing C. Explicit memory D. Long-term potentiation E. Priming

parallel processing

Shortly after you see a missing-child poster you are more likely to interpret an ambiguous adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of: A. Priming B. Chunking C. Procedural memory D. Peg word system E. State-dependent memory

priming

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates: A. Retroactive interference B. Priming C. Source amnesia D. Proactive interference E. Repression

proactive interference

Ebbinghaus' storage decay "forgetting curve" shows that the rate at which we forget learned information is: A. Gradual loss over the span of years B. Slow loss at first but more quickly as time passes C. Based on the age at which the information was learned D. Rapid loss at first but the rate levels off after the initial loss E. A continuous steady loss but with increased loss occurring as time passes.

rapid loss at first but the rate levels off after the initial loss

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used? A. Reconstruction B. Recognition C. Rehearsal D. Recall E. Relearning

recall

Most Americans have flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by: A. Retrieval cues B. The serial position effect C. Source amnesia D. Stress or emotion that causes release of hormones E. Long-term potentiation

stress or emotion that causes release of hormones

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of: A. Effortful processing B. The serial position effect C. The automatic processing of space/place D. Relearning E. Priming

the automatic processing of space/place.

Participants in one experiment were given entirely fabricated accounts of an occasion in which they had been lost in a shopping mall during their childhood. Many of these participants later falsely recollected vivid details of the experience as having actually occurred. This experiment best illustrated: A. The self-reference effect B. Mood-congruent memory C. The misinformation effect D. Proactive interference E. The spacing effect

the misinformation effect

Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of: A. The spacing effect B. Implicit memory C. Rosy retrospection D. The peg-word system E. Serial position effect

the peg-word system.

. Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as: A. The spacing effect B. The serial position effect C. Mood-congruent memory D. Chunking E. Automatic processing

the spacing effect

James took special classes to learn Spanish in elementary school. As a young adult, he decided to serve in the Peace Corps and was sent to Guatemala. While he had forgotten most of his early Spanish training, he quickly remembered it. This illustrates that: A. Priming causes us to forget specific memories from a web of associations B. Retroactive interference does not affect the recall of childhood memories C. The speed of relearning confirms that information is stored and accessible D. Source amnesia does not influence learning that occurs before a person is 8 years old E. Semantic encoding increases what can be recalled by providing more retrieval cues.

the speed of relearning confirms that information is stored and accessible