AP Psych Chapter 4 Part 3

There are _______ types of thermoreceptors.

2

What best describes the purpose of pain?

Avoiding damage to the body

Which of the following are the purposes of the pinna and external auditory canal?

Collecting sound, Channeling sound towards the interior

___________ are neurotransmitters that function as natural opiates by producing pleasure and pain.

Endorphins

True or false: When you cut your finger with a knife, the pain travels on the slow neural pathway.

False

Which of the following statements regarding the purpose of pain are accurate?

It warns of damage to the body. It is adaptive. It is vital to our survival as a species.

Information about movement, posture, and orientation is provided via the ______ senses.

kinesthetic

You close your eyes, but still can touch your nose. The ability to know where your nose and fingertip are even without looking is best illustrated by the ______ sense.

kinesthetic

________ is the perception of the sound wave's amplitude.

loudness

A low frequency sound, such as a bass voice, is perceived as having a

low pitch

Pain receptors are dispersed widely throughout the body, including in the

membranes around bones. sheath tissue surrounding muscles. internal organs.

The ___________ ear channels sound through the eardrum, hammer, anvil, and stirrup.

middle

The eardrum is the part of the __________ ear that vibrates when it is hit by sound waves.

middle

The _____ ear channels sound through the eardrum, hammer, anvil, and stirrup to the _____ ear.

middle; inner

The semicircular canals, located in the inner ear, contain sensory receptors that detect head or body ________

movement or motion

The taste of umami can be found in

mushrooms

The part of the inner ear called the _________ ________ transmits sound waves to the cochlea.

oval window

The sensation that warns us that damage is occurring to our body is known as

pain

What best describes the sensation that occurs when your hand touches a hot stove?

pain

__________ is the sensation that warns us of damage to our bodies.

pain

The outer, visible, funnel shaped part of the ear is called the

pinna

Which of the following is part of the outer ear?

pinna

The perceptual interpretation of the frequency of a sound is called

pitch

The theory of hearing that states that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane is called ___________ theory.

place

The theory of hearing that states that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane is known as

place theory

Inflamed joints or torn muscles produce _____, which stimulate the receptors and cause the experience of pain.

prostaglandins

Which of the following stimulates the receptors causing the experience of pain?

prostaglandins

The olfactory epithelium is a sheet of ______ for smell that lines the roof of the nasal cavity.

receptor cells

The _________ canals provide feedback to a gymnast's brain as his head and body tilt in different directions.

semicircular

What structure in the ear helps with balance?

semicircular canal

Tammy states that every time she is around chicken frying, it reminds her of a picnic she and her parents went on when she was 4 years old. What sense is involved in this behavior?

smell

The sense of ________ , involves the olfactory system, and helps us with such tasks as discriminating fresh food from rotten food, or detecting a nearby fire.

smell

Which sense is most closely associated with memory?

smell

__________ __________ are vibrations in the air processed by the auditory system.

sound waves

The four basic qualities of taste are

sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.

The jelly-like flap above the hair cells in the ear is called the

tectorial membrane

Which of the following generates impulses that the brain interprets as sound?

tectorial membrane

When information comes from the skin, it travels to the brain stem, then crosses over to the opposite side of the brain and then moves to the ___________ , which serves as a relay station.

thalamus

In the ear, a snail-like structure that is filled with fluid is known as

the cochlea

The specialized tissue lining the roof of the nasal cavity, containing a sheet of receptor cells for smell is called

the olfactory epithelium.

The sound reaching one ear is more intense than the sound reaching the other ear because of

the sound shadow

Information from sensory fibers in the skin travel first to

the spinal cord.

Information regarding temperature is processed by _____ cells in the skin.

thermoreceptor

The two types of ____________ , that respond to changes in temperature at or near the skin, are warm and cold.

thermoreceptors

Which of the following receptors form the cutaneous senses?

touch pain temperature

The purpose of the inner ear is to

transduce sound waves into neural impulses.

Which of the following is the first structure that sound touches in the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

Which sense provides information about balance and movement?

vestibular

What is a function of the middle ear?

To amplify sound vibrations

Which of the following are considered to be some of the purposes of smell?

To detect potential dangers such as fire To distinguish rotten food from fresh food

True or false: Papillae are bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds, the receptors for taste. True false question.

True

The _________ in which we live can influence the foods we are exposed to as well as our sense of what tastes good.

culture

A sound wave's amplitude is measured in

decibels.

The ______ is the part of the middle ear that vibrates when it is hit by sound waves.

eardrum

Many neuroscientists believe there is a chemical process that turns pain signals on and off. Evidence suggests that this process probably involves

endorphins.

The outer ear consists of the pinna and the _______ _______ _______.

external auditory canal

The two different neural pathways that transmit pain messages to the brain are the

fast pathway and slow pathway.

The number of full sound waves or cycles per second is called

frequency

____________ is the number of full sound wavelength cycles that pass through a point in a given time.

frequency

The ear's sensory receptors are called _________ _________ because of the tufts of fine bristles, or cilia, that sprout from the top of them.

hair cells

What structures in the ear line the basilar membrane and transmit neural signals to the brain?

hair cells

We experience the sensation of ____________ when warm and cold receptors are close to each other.

hotness, hot, or heat

The function of the ___________ ear is to convert sound waves into neural impulses and send them on to the brain

inner

The oval window is part of the

inner ear

The __________ of a sound wave, measured in decibels, is the amount of pressure produced by a sound wave relative to a standard.

amplitude

Which of the following are the three bones of the middle ear?

anvil, hammer, stirrup

Sound waves are vibrations in the air processed by the _________ system.

auditory

The _________ _________ carries neural impulses to the area of the brain that processes sound.

auditory nerve

The nerve that carries neural impulses to the area of the brain that processes sound is called the

auditory nerve

Which of the following structures is part of the inner ear?

basilar membrane

The basilar membrane lines the inner wall of the ________.

cochlea

The basilar membrane lines the inner wall of the _________.

cochlea

The purpose of the outer ear is to

collect and channel sounds.

What is loudness?

The perception of the sound wave's amplitude

______________ are sensory receptors located under the skin that respond to changes in temperature at or near the skin and provide input to keep the body's temperature at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.

Thermoreceptors