AP Psych Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Multiple Choice, Unit 5 - States of Consciousness, Chapter 5 states of consciousness
what are the major sleep disorders
Insomnia narcolepsy sleep apnea night terrors sleepwalking
Lorraine has passed into REM sleep. If Lorraine were connected to an EEG, the recording would show the presence of:
Low amplitude irregular brain wave patterns
Zen Buddhists and others practicing meditation are better able than most other people to stimulate their A) Sympathetic Nervous Systems B) Parasympathetic Nervous Systems C) Somatic Nervous Systems D) Salivation E) Urination
Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
What are the four major areas of impact of psychoactive drugs? A) Appetite, behavior, sex drive, and perception B) Perception, behavior, moods, mental processes C) Perception, mental processes, appetite, digestion D) Appetite, perception, moods, mental processes E) Mental processes, moods, digestion, perception
Perception, behavior, moods, mental processes
REM behavior disorder
RBD
Nightmares most frequently occur during A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) REM
REM
The majority of our dreams occur in which stage of sleep? A) REM Sleep B) Stage 1 Sleep C) Stage 2 Sleep D) Stage 3 Sleep E) Stage 4 Sleep
REM sleep
a rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur and know was the paradoxical sleep
REM sleep
the major active ingredient in marijuana
THC
A person experiences blind panic, screaming, and thrashing around while sleeping. This episode is called: A) A night terror B) A nightmare C) A sleep terror D) Dreaming E) A REM rebound episode
a night terror
Awareness of ourselves and our environment best describes a) consciousness b) circadian rhythms c) hallucinations d) the biological clock e) hypnotism
a) consciousness
Which of the following is least likely to occur as a result of good sleep habits? a) decreased concentration b) better immune system c) strengthened memory d) lower serious accident rate e) decreased obseity
a) decreased concentration
The three major categories of drugs include depressants, stimulants, and a) hallucinogens b) barbiturates c) amphetamines d) caffeine e) alcohol
a) hallucinogens
Stress-related disorders, asthma, and headaches have been successfully alleviated using a) hypnosis b) serotonin c) leptin d) melatonin e) tolerance
a) hypnosis
a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, stimulates a biological response
agonist
the tendency of alcohol to increase a person's concentration upon immediate events and reduce awareness of events which are distant, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations
alchohol myopia
Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?
alcohol
reactions slow, speech slurs, skilled performance deteriorates; shrinks brain, affects REM, depression, organ damage
alcohol
3 major depressants
alcohol barbiturates opioids
Eighty percent of our sleep takes place in which cycle of sleep? (A) Stage 1 (B) Stage 2 (C) Stage 3 (D) Stage 4 (E) All of the above
all of the above
4 types of EEG waves
alpha beta theta delta
Before entering sleep, you briefly pass through a relaxed and drowsy state. This is marked by which characteristic? A) Beta Waves B) Delta Waves C) Alpha Waves D) Theta Waves E) Zeta Waves
alpha waves
Harvey is deep in meditation. If an EEF recording were taken Harvey's brain wave pattern would show the presence of:
alpha waves
Maria is drowsy and her eyes are closed. SHe has not yet begun stage 1 sleep, but she is extremely relaxed. If Maria were connected to an EEg, the recording would most likely show the presence of:
alpha waves
when awake OR relaxed; when about to fall asleep or meditating
alpha waves
different than one's normal wake state of mind; the use of drugs, marijuana, LSD, drinking, meds, hypnotis
altered state of consciousness
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
amphetamines
Of the following, which pair of psychoactive drugs shares the most similar effects on the brain? A) Alcohol-Marijuana B) Caffeine-Morphine C) Nicotine-Heroin D) Amphetamines-Cocaine E) Barbiturates-LSD
amphetamines-cocaine
a chemical or drug that binds to receptors in the brain and prevents an agonist from having a reaction
antagonist
your unconscious mind causes
anxiety and things you don't want to face
Driving a car along a familiar route while listening to the radio or thinking of something else is an example of: A) Automatic Process B) Controlled Process C) Somatic Process D) Sympathetic Process E) Parasympathetic Process
automatic process
process that does not require attention; it can often be performed along with other tasks without interference
automatic process
drugs or tranquilizers that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but worsening memory and judgment
barbiturates
occur when awake and alert associated with stress and agitation short and irregular
beta waves
genetic predisposition; variations in neurotransmitter systems
biological influences of drug use
the ability to respond to visual stimuli without consciously( awareness) perceiving them
blindsight
Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by:
blocking the reuptake of dopamine in brain cells.
Blood vessels (capillaries) is a mechanism that carry blood to the brain and spinal cord tissue, and selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and blocking other substances out
blood-brain barrier
what causes unconsciousness processing
breathing organs touching your nails growing
a detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures, and logic; active memorization
controlled processing
Deep sleep occurs in which stage? a) hypnagogic b) REM c) Alpha d) Stage 1 e) Delta
e) Delta
What did Ernest Hilgard call a split between different levels of consciousness? a) Hypnagogic imagery b) REM sleep c) Delta waves d) Spindles e) Dissociatio
e) Dissociatio
Approximately how many cycles of sleep does an adult enter during a full night's sleep? A) One to Two B) Three to Four C) Four to Five D) Six to Seven E) Seven to Eight
four to five
Also called psychedelics, when taking psychoactive drugs that create hallucinations or alter perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness and modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real Ex. Meth LSD
hallucinogens
A teenage boy once described using this drug as "life without anxiety, . . . it makes you feel good." However, this boy eventually discovered the dark side of the drug. With constant use, dosages became larger and larger. Eventually getting high was almost impossible and normal functioning was out of the question. Which drug was he referring to? A) Cocaine B) Nicotine C) Heroin D) LSD E) Psilocybin
heroin
Which of the following drugs does not fall under the category of a stimulant? A) Cocaine B) Caffeine C) Nicotine D) Amphetamines E) Heroin
heroin
Which of the following psychoactive drugs is not a depressant? A) Alcohol B) Barbiturates C) Benzodiazepines D) Heroin E) Nembutal
heroin
depressant; rush of euphoria, relief from pain; depressed physiology, agonizing withdrawal
heroin
state of consciousness in which the person loses their state of mind and is resposince to direction one is giving them
hynosis
sleeping and dreaming is controlled by
hypothalamus endocrine pituitary pineal melatonin
Jill dreams that her boyfriend pushes her in front of an oncoming car. Her psychoanalyst suggests that the dream might symbolize her fear that her boyfriend is rushing her into sexual activity prematurely. The analyst is evidently attempting to interpret the _____ content of Jill's dream.
latent
After her bridal shower, a young woman dreamed that she was dining with her parents when a young guy grabbed her wallet containing her driver's license, credit cards, cash, and family pictures. She awoke in a cold sweat. After discussing the dream with a friend, she realized that she felt anxious about losing her identity in her approaching marriage. This explanation of her dream represents the A) Manifest Content B) Latent Content C) Ego D) Activation-Synthesis Theory E) Cognitive Analysis
latent content
the underlying meaning of a dream (Freud)
latent content
what affects circadian rhythm
light, temp, social activities, and work routines
a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
lsd
the remembered story line of a dream (Freud)
manifest content
painkiller type of drug that makes you feel good and pleasurable, and slows down your body; depresses neural functioning
opioids
as we are awake we process most information
outside our conscious mind
a physiological need for a drug; marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
physical dependence
All of the following are terms related to hypnosis except: A) Posthypnotic Amnesia B) Hidden Observer C) Suggestibility D) Hypnotic Analgesia E) Posthypnotic Exhortation
posthypnotic exhortation
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session that influences the participant's behavior afterward, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
posthypnotic suggestion
memory
pre conscious mind
An infant sleeps approximately 17 hours a day. Of those hours, how many are spent in REM? A) 20 Percent B) 30 Percent C) 50 Percent D) 70 Percent E) 80 Percent
50 percent
Repeated periods during sleep when a person stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer is known as: A) Narcolepsy B) Sleep Apnea C) Sleep Agnosia D) Insomnia E) Night Terrors
sleep apnea
a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep feel fatigued or depressed
sleep apnea
unaware of external surroundings
sleeping dreaming
states of consciousness WHEN NOT AWAKE
sleeping dreaming deep unconsciousness
Stages 3 and 4 of deep sleep, when EEGs reveal large, regular delta waves and sleepers are hard to awaken
slow-wave sleep
urban environment; cultural attitude toward drug use; peer influences
socio cultural influences of drug use
transition from wakefulness and sleep. Lasts 1-7 minutes. You gradually lose responsiveness to stimuli and experience drifting thoughts and images like hallucinations. Marked by Theta waves and myoclonic jerks can happen.
stage 1
The sleep stage that is a transition from wakefulness to sleep and lasting 1-7 minutes is: A) REM sleep B) Stage 1 Sleep C) Stage 2 Sleep D) Stage 3 Sleep E) Stage 4 Sleep
stage 1 sleep
5 mins after stage 1 and it's the beginning of your sleep. high frequency sleep spindles burst of brain activity. Muscle tension, body temperature, and heart rate slow down.
stage 2
Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with spindles and K-complexes? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) REM
stage 2
deep sleep
stage 3
Deep Sleep. Slow wave/Delta sleep, which have a very high amplitude and a very low frequency. Deepest stage of sleep, hard to be awakened from. Respiration, temperature, and blood flow to the brain are reduced
stage 4
Sleepwalking and sleep talking are characteristics of which stage of sleep? A) Stage 1 Sleep B) Stage 2 Sleep C) Stage 3 Sleep D) Stage 4 Sleep E) REM Sleep
stage 4 sleep
Which stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves (very high amplitude and very low frequency)? A) Stage 4 Sleep B) Stage 3 Sleep C) Stage 2 Sleep D) Stage 1 Sleep E) REM Sleep
stage 4 sleep
when eyes are moving under your deepest sleep; heart rate rises, your breathing becomes rapid and irregular, body is very aroused, but all voluntary muscles are paralyzed. Dreaming.
stage 5/ rem sleep
Caffeine
stimulant
Nicotine
stimulant
meth
stimulant
addiction
substance dependence
In order for a person to be hypnotized, the hypnotist must do which of the following? A) Suggest what the subject will experience during hypnosis B) Tell the subject what he or she will be doing while under hypnosis C) Tell the subject to count from ten to one D) Suggest that the subject enter a trance E) Tell the subject to relax and feel no stress
suggest what the subject will experience during hypnosis
a pair of grain of rice sized, 20,000 cells clusters in the hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
examples of dissociated consciousness
talking while texting thinking about something else while reading a child a bedtime story
When researchers removed all time cues, such as light, clock, radio, and television, from subjects' environment, the length of the day expanded from 24 to about 25 hours. This phenomenon is known as: A) The interval timing clock B) The circadian rhythm C) The biological clock D) The internal rhythm E) The external clock
the circadian rhythm
Which of the following is NOT an example of a biological rhythm?
the peaking of body temperature during the day
what's the purpose of psychoactive drugs
they stimulate inhibit or mimic the activity of the brain's own chemical messengers which are the neurotransmitters
what is the function of dreams?
to satisfy our own wishes to file away memories to develop and preserve neural pathways to make sense of neural static to reflect cognitive development
The reduction in the body's response to a drug, which may accompany continual drug use, is called: A) Withdrawal B) Addiction C) Dependency D) Tolerance E) Hallucinations
tolerance
describe the difference between tolerance and withdrawal
tolerance is when the user has to take higher doses of the drug in order to have the desired effect Withdrawal is when the body tries to adjust to the individual not taking the drug, with horrible symptoms.
reservoir(store) of feelings, thoughts, urges that are outside of your conscious awareness
unconscious mind
inability to recognize objects
visual agnosia
The mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are reasonably alert is called: A) Altered state of consciousness B) Subconscious C) Preconscious D) Alert Consciousness E) Waking Consciousness
waking consciousness
Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams are a way to satisfy forbidden wishes and desires
wish fulfillment
what are the 5 theories of dreams
wish fulfillment information processing activation synthesis
A group of symptoms that occur when a dependent person stops taking a drug
withdrawal
Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of
addiction
what you're aware of; what you rationally talk and think about
conscious mind
Which age group of people is most susceptible to hypnosis? A) 20-24 B) 17-20 C) 15-19 D) 8-12 E) 45-49
8-12
Approximately how long is each cycle of sleep during a full night's sleep? A) 80 Minutes B) 90 Minutes C) 60 Minutes D) 70 Minutes E) 50 Minutes
90 minutes
How long is each sleep cycle on average?
90 minutes
Which statement best defines dependency? A) The original dosage of the drug no longer produces desired effects. B) Behavioral patterns are marked by overwhelming desire to obtain and use the drug. C) A change in the nervous system occurs so that a person now needs to take the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms. D) Painful physical and psychological symptoms occur after the drug is no longer in the system. E) Decompression from the peripheral nervous system begins after the drug enters the body.
A change in the nervous system occurs so that a person now needs to take the drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms
Dan has recently begun using an addictive, euphoria-producing drug. Which of the following will probably occur if he repeatedly uses this drug?
After each use he will become more and more depressed
Which of the following drugs are physically addictive? A) Morphine B) Cocaine C) Heroin D) All of these E) None of these
All of these
Which of the following is NOT a common MISCONCEPTION about addiction?
Biological factors place some individuals at increased risk for addiction
In the 1700s a force called "animal magnetism," later known as hypnosis, was introduced by: A) Sigmund Freud B) Ernest Hilgard C) Wilhelm Wundt D) William James E) Anton Mesmer
Anton Mesmer
__________ are psychoactive drugs that depress the central nervous system, while ________ stimulate the central nervous system. A) Opiates, Barbiturates B) Opiates, Amphetamines C) Barbiturates, Amphetamines D) Amphetamines, Barbiturates E) Amphetamines, Opiates
Barbiturates, Amphetamines
Which of the following drugs block reuptake, leading to increased neural stimulation? A) Heroin B) Cocaine C) Morphine D) Amphetamines E) Methamphetamines
Cocaine
Alchohol
Depressant
The center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is based on the belief that: A) The conscious needs to express unfulfilled wishes. B) Dreams provide an outlet for repressed thoughts. C) Dreams provide explanations for physiological activity. D) The unconscious needs to exhibit socially unacceptable behavior. E) Dreams allow the individual to work out daily hassles.
Dreams provide explanations for physiological activity
"Humans developed a unique waking-sleep cycle that maximized our chances of survival," is a statement most typical of A) Developmental Psychologists B) Physiological Psychologists C) Psychoanalysts D) Sociologists E) Evolutionary Psychologists
Evolutionary psychologists
states of consciousness
Focused Awareness Drifting Consciousness Divided Consciousness Unconsciousness Altered States of Consciousness
The idea that dreams represent wish fulfillment comes from which theory of dream interpretation? A) Extension of waking life B) Activation synthesis C) Spiritual world D) Transformation dream analysis E) Freud's theory of dream interpretation
Freud's theory of dream interpretation
Which of the following statements best describes opiates? A) Opiates will not produce withdrawal. B) Opiates are not very addictive. C) Marijuana is an example of an opiate. D) Opiates are only psychologically addictive. E) Heroin is an example of an opiate.
Heroin is an example of an opiate
Of the following, which does your hypothalamus regulate over the course of 24 hours? I. Body Temperature II. Hormonal Levels III. Memory of the day's events A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only E) I, II, and III
I and II only
What is sleep's function?
It protects recuperates makes memorie feeds creative thinking play a role in the growth process
Cold sweats, vomiting, convulsions, and hallucinations are all symptoms of what drug? A) LSD B) Cocaine C) Methamphetamines D) Barbiturates E) Heroin
LSD
Manifest vs Latent Content
Manifest: a dreams surface meaning Latent: a dreams hidden meaning
REM sleep is also known as paradoxical sleep because: A) Measures of the brain activity closely resemble waking consciousness, but the person is in the deepest stage of sleep. B) Measures of the brain activity closely resemble waking consciousness, but the person is incapable of moving. C) The person's heart rate is slower than when awake, but the person can sleepwalk or sleep talk. D) The person can have night terrors during this stage but will not remember them in the morning. (E) The person's vital signs are very slow, but the person can get up and walk around.
Measures of the brain activity closely resemble waking consciousness, but the person is incapable of moving
A hormone that is produced by the pineal gland and is intimately involved in regulating the sleeping and waking cycles, among other processes
Melatonin
uncontrollable sleep attacks
Narcolepsy
Highly addictive drugs, from opium, that can produce a profound sense of well-being and that temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Opiates
Because dreams are not constrained by reality, they can help us find creative solutions to our problems and ongoing concerns
Problem solving dream models
How does sleep loss affect us?
Sleep deprivation causes fatigue and impairs concentration creativity communication It also can lead to obesity, hypertension, a suppressed immune system, irritability, and slowed performance
The adaptive sleep theory suggests: A) Daily activities deplete key factors in our brain and body that are replenished by sleep. B) Sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to dangers of nocturnal predators. C) For our internal clocks to have synchrony with the external world, thereby decreasing fatigue, disorientation, and lack of concentration, sleep is necessary. D) Sleep is necessary to combat insomnia and drowsiness. E) External environments are constantly competing with individual sleep rhythms. Sleep is necessary to compete with the external clock.
Sleep evolved because it prevented early humans and animals from wasting energy and exposing themselves to dangers of nocturnal predators
Why do some people become regular users of consciousness-altering drugs?
Some people may be biologically vulnerable to particular drugs peer pressured stress/ depression
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions; may cause aftermath crash into fatigue, headaches, irritability, and depression
Stimulants
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
Tolerance
psychoactive drugs
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods at the neural synapses
the theory that during rem sleep when certain parts of your brain is active during rem which is why they are more vivid and visual
activation-synthesis theory
The brain's own opiates are called a) barbiturates b) endorphins c) tranquilizers d) nembutal e) seconal
b) endorphins
The pineal gland's role in sleep involves a) activating the suprachiasmatic nucleus b) the production of melatonin c) the location of hypnagogic images d) remembering dreams upon waking e) emitting alpha waves
b) the production of melatonin
The brain's adaptation to a drug's chemistry, requiring larger and larger doses to experience the same effect, is called a) withdrawal b) tolerance c) physical dependence d) psychological dependence e) disinhibiting
b) tolerance
Fruit juices, energy drinks, mints, soap, and soda have all been known to contain a) marijuana b) cocaine c) caffeine d) nicotine e) crystal meth
c) caffeine
Jarod's muscles are relaxed, his body is basically paralyzed, and he is hard to awaken. His sleep would most likely be called a) sleep apnea b) hypnagogic c) paradoxical d) delta e) sleep deprivation
c) paradoxical
what are the 3 levels of the mind by Freud
conscious mind preconscious mind unconscious mind
Awareness of ourselves and our environment moment to moment
consciousness
major examples of stimulants
caffeine meth cocaine nicotine
sudden body spasms/ muscle control sometimes associated with narcolepsy, or the inability to move while falling asleep or waking up
catoplexy
The 24-hour biological cycles which is controlled by the hypothalamus
ciradian rhythms
dreams are
cognitive development
an automatic response that the body and mind experience that is opposite of the effects of alcohol
compensatory response
controlled processing = effortful (like studying, flashcards, notes, etc) automatic processing = just going about regular day, what one notices - both associated with encoding memories
controlled processing vs. automatic processing
Slowed reactions, slurred speech, and decreased skill performance are associated with abuse of a) nicotine b) methamphetamine c) caffeine d) alcohol e) Ecstasy
d) alcohol
In addition to cocaine and heroin, what drug does the British government consider one of the most dangerous? a) alcohol b) marijuana c) endorphins d) crystal meth e) nicotine
d) crystal meth
Bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity while sleeping are called a) hallucinations b) circadian rhythm c) alpha waves d) sleep spindles e) delta waves
d) sleep spindles
Alteration in consciousness that occurs seemingly without effort, typically when we want to momentarily escape reality, is called: A) Daydreaming B) Dreaming C) Meditation D) Hypnosis E) Anesthesia
daydreaming
the suprachiasmatic nucleus purpose is to cause the brain's pineal gland to
decrease its production of melatonin in the morning or increase it in the evening
complete loss of consciousness, totally unaware; being in coma
deep unconsciousness
bright light at night helps
delay sleep causing our biological clock to reset when we stay up on the weekends
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
delta waves
Which of the following is not a characteristic of REM sleep? A) Rapid eye movement B) Vivid Dreams C) Increased heart rate D) Paralysis E) Delta Waves
delta waves
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions in the central nervous system
depressants
slows and calms neural processing, disrupt memory, and slow body functions
depressants
what are the 3 major categories of psychoactive drugs
depressants stimulants hallucinations
When patients with severe depression are deprived of REM sleep:
depression often lessened
Traveling in a jet plane from California to New York is most likely to A) Disrupt your circadian rhythms B) Prevent the onset of REM sleep C) Stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system D) Induce delta brain waves E) Cause withdrawal symptoms
disrupt your circadian rhythms
Monitoring by the hidden observer during hypnosis provides evidence for A) The Nonconscious B) Activation-Synthesis C) Dissociation of Consciousness D) Role Playing E) Posthypnotic Amnesia
dissociation of consciousness
concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
divided attention
multitasking
divided consciousness
Beta waves are characteristic of a person who is: (A) Dreaming (B) In a coma (C) Asleep but not dreaming (D) Awake and Alert (E) In Stage 1 Sleep
dreaming
a state of awareness characterized by drifting thoughts or mental imagery; daydreaming
drifting consciousness
Sudden sleep attacks at inopportune times best describe a) sleep apnea b) insomnia c) night terrors d) sleepwalking e) narcolepsy
e) narcolepsy
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
eeg
Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years? A) Psychopharmacology B) Lesions C) EEGs D) CT scans E) MRI
eegs
Which of the following is not considered to be an altered state of consciousness? A) Sleep B) Hypnosis C) Psychoactive Drugs D) Exercise E) Meditation
exercise
The dream theory that suggests our dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears, and concerns present when we are awake is called: A) Freud's theory of dreams B) Extension of waking life C) Activation-synthesis D) External world E) Spiritual world
extension of waking life
During paradoxical sleep, muscles seem paralyzed and A) Eyes dart about in various directions B) Breathing is slow and shallow C) Night terrors are likely D) Sleepwalking occurs E) The sleeper is easily awakened
eyes dart about in various directions
when a person experiences and imagines experiences and a lifelong involvement in a fantasy
fantasy prone personality
According to psychodynamic psychologists, the unconscious A) Processes information of which you are unaware B) Includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts C) Is characterized by loss of responsiveness to the environment D) Is synonymous with the preconscious E) Develops after the ego and superego
includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts
theory that dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories
information processing
In small quantities, alcohol can be mistaken for a stimulant because it A) Inhibits control of emotions B) Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system C) Speeds up respiration and heartbeat D) Induces sleep E) Affects the cerebellum
inhibits control of emotions
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep is called: A) Narcoplepsy B) Sleep Apnea C) Insomnia D) Sleep Terror E) Nightmares
insomnia
inability to sleep
insomnia
This drug induces a number of physiological and psychological effects, some of which include dilated blood vessels in the eye, dry mouth, time distortion, euphoric feelings, sense of relaxation, and mild muscular weakness. A) Alcohol B) Marijuana C) LSD D) Tranquilizers E) Cocaine
marijuana
Which of the following is not a practical application of hypnosis? A) Ease Pain B) Stop Smoking C) Remember a painful event D) Stop Overeating E) Marriage Counseling
marriage counseling
The hormone most closely related to one's sleep patterns is: A) Serotonin B) Norepinephrine C) Epinephrine D) Melatonin E) Dopamine
melatonin
process of stabilizing a memory trace after the initial acquisition
memory consolidation
In using hypnosis for pain reduction, patients highly susceptible to hypnosis were: A) More likely to experience posthypnotic amnesia B) Less likely to participate in future studies C) More likely to report significantly lower pain levels D) Less likely to report lower pain levels E) Likely to respond more slowly to the induction method
more likely to report significantly lower pain levels
A relatively rare condition that involves irresistible attacks of sleepiness, brief periods of REM, and often muscle paralysis is called: A) Sleep Apnea B) Sleep Terror C) Narcolepsy D) Benzodiazepines E) Night Terror
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered
night terrors
physical things you can never be aware of at the level at which many basic biological functions occur, such as breathing
non consciousness
where you spend 80% of your sleep time. Stages 1-4 right before stage 5
non rem sleep
As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your A) Nonconscious B) Preconscious C) Unconsciousness D) Sensory Memory E) Attention
preconscious
Hallucinogens are best defined as: A) Psychoactive drugs that produce strange and unusual perceptual, sensory, and cognitive experiences B) Stimulants that produce arousals both physically and psychologically C) Designer drugs that cause three primary effects, pain reduction, euphoria, and tolerance D) Mild depressants that decrease heart rate and blood pressure E) Drugs that stimulate the central nervous system
psychoactive drugs that produce strange and unusual perceptual, sensory, and cognitive experiences
a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions or in order to feel good or to function normally
psychological dependence
lacking sense of purpose in life; feeling meaningless, significant stress, and psychological disorders like depression
psychological influences of drug use
Experimenters have shown that a person deprived of the________ stage of sleep will become anxious, testy, and hungry and have difficulty concentrating. A) REM B) Stage 1 C) Stage 2 D) Stage 3 E) Stage 4
rem
__________ refers to an increased percentage of time spent in REM sleep when we are deprived of REM sleep on the previous night. A) REM Rebound B) REM Deprivation C) REM Sleep D) REM Makeup E) REM Extension
rem rebound
When in this stage of sleep, brain waves have a fast frequency and low amplitude and look very similar to beta waves, which occur when you are wide-awake and alert. Which state of sleep is this? A) Stage 1 Sleep B) Stage 2 Sleep C) Stage 3 Sleep D) REM Sleep E) Stage 4 Sleep
rem sleep
Which part of the brain is important in keeping the forebrain alert and producing a state of wakefulness? A) Hippocampus B) Limbic System C) Hindbrain D) Reticular Formation E) Medulla
reticular formation
According to Ernest Hilgard's hidden observer theory, people who are hypnotized and told to plunge one hand into a glass of painfully cold ice water with the suggestion they will not feel pain, will respond to the question "Do you feel pain?" by: A) Saying they do not feel pain B) Waking up from the hypnotic trance C) Screaming and removing their hand from the water D) Screaming but leaving their hand in the water E) Saying they do feel pain
saying they do not feel pain
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus/ object for a certain period of time get to choose where your mind goes to
selective attention
