AP psych sleep and drugs

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for helping

Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear

Split-brain research has illustrated which of the following?

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language in most people.

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as

an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for

gaining insight into unconscious motives

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the

right half of both retinas

Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?

Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?

Depressant

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?

Dopamine

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?

It is correlated with dreaming.

Which of the following is true about the pons?

It is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal.

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist?

A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine

Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?

Activation-synthesis

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response?

Amygdala

Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old. Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns?

Anna Rosa sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does.

Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making?

Cerebral cortex

Which of the following is consistent with arousal of the sympathetic nervous system?

Elevated levels of cortisol

Neurotransmitters that function like the drug morphine and are involved in pain modulation include which of the following?

Endorphins

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?

Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure

Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely explanation for his physical response?

His circadian rhythm has been disrupted.

Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system response?

Increased digestion

REM sleep, generally an "active" state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics?

Lowered muscle tone

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situations?

Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from fire.

Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?

Narcolepsy

Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for Rudy's drowsiness?

Reticular formatio

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is

Paul Broca

Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?

Sleeping, waking, and dreaming

Which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A?

Somatosensory cortex

Sara had an argument with her coworker, Adam. That night, Sara had a dream that she was shopping at a mall and Adam was in every store in which she shopped. A psychoanalyst would say that Adam's being at the mall in her dream was an example of which of the following?

The manifest content

The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as

a circadian rhythm

Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?

a cycle of biological functions that lasts about 25 hours

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

a loss in motor coordination

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in

an increase in respiratory rate

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as

endorphins

Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are

in REM sleep

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to

make and carry out plans

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as

plasticity

A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?

sleep apnea

Nervousness can result in faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart. This is due to activation of the

sympathetic nervous system

When Nyala comes into contact with a cat, her heart rate increases, her pupils dilate, and her salivation decreases. These responses are controlled by the

sympathetic nervous system

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's

vision

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

wernicke's area