AP Psych Testing and Individual Differences Review

The ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is _______.

1:1

_______'s efforts to measure intelligence were directed at predicting children's success in school.

Alfred Binet

Example of _______: Using cubes to figure out the solution to a previously unseen puzzle

fluid intelligence

Research findings on _______ reared apart indicate that they have similar levels of intelligence and supports strong biological basis for behavior?

identical twins

In psychometrics, _______ validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. Example. General intelligence test scores obtained during adolescence should predict grades in school.

predictive

_______ validity is established by demonstrating that there is a correlation between scores on a test and later academic performance?

predictive

In psychometrics, _______ validity is the extent to which a measure is related to an outcome. Criterion validity is often predictive validity.

predictive

The Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) was administered to incoming college psychology majors. Their scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course. Therefore, the PAT has _______ validity.

predictive validity

Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Michael has _______.

savant syndrome

A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skull circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size of an adult's skull remains the same from one measurement to the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence is reliable but not _______.

valid

On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, an IQ of _______ indicates that the test taker scored at the average level for test takers of the same age.

100

_______ refers to the potential of an individual to perform an as-yet-unlearned task.

Flynn Effect

_______ refers to intelligence scores increase from generation to generation.

Flynn effect

A test that measures a student's potential ability is an _______.

aptitude test

Standardized tests are supposed to be administered and scored in a _______ manner

consistent

_______ validity is the psychometric property used to assess the extent to which the items on a test measure what they are supposed to measure

construct

Example: A teacher creates a test that will predict how well a student will do as a commercial airline pilot. The test is taken before the training, and then the teacher correlates the test score to the number of safe flying hours. The teacher is trying to determine whether the test has _______ validity.

criterion

The component of intelligence described by Raymond Cattell as involving the ability to understand logical relationships, reason abstractly, and learn quickly is related to _______.

fluid intelligence

Charles Spearman's concept of _______is most accurately defined as a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests.

general intelligence

Which of the multiple intelligences posited by Howard Gardner is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?

interpersonal and intrapersonal intellignces

Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?

spatial

On an intelligence test, the number of questions an individual answers correctly is meaningless without _______ because extraneous variables could have impacted scores.

standardization

A _______ must have uniform criteria for scoring, norms, uniform instructions, and reliability.

test

Example: A female student was rejected by a college because her score on a test used by the college to predict performance there was below the college's cutoff score. An influential alumnus of the college intervened on the student's behalf and the student was admitted. Four years later the student graduated with honors. The most likely explanation of this outcome is that the test had less than perfect _______.

validity

Example: A test is administered to 1,000 fourth graders across the country, and then it is re-administered to the same children 90 days later. The test-retest results will yield an evaluation of the test's _______.

validity