ap psych unit 5

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

REM sleep

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of

addiction

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

barbiturates

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.

biopsychosocial

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine.

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm

One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is

dehydration

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity to disease

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called

dissociation

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles.

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of

heroin

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain.

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________.

infants; adults

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep

is involved in the memory process

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream.

latent content

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content

manifest

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

nicotine

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

Near-death experiences are

often accompanied by visions of bright lights.

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of

posthypnotic suggestion

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

psychoactive drugs

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

psychological dependence

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that

regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

spend less time in deep sleep

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

strongly expect that they can be hypnotized

REM rebound involves the

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of

user expectations

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawl