AP Psych Unit 5 Test

Students often remember more information from a course that spans an entire semester than from a course that is completed in an intensive three-week learning period. This best illustrates the importance of ___________.

Distributed practice

Rats given a drug that enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) will learn a maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that

LTP provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations

A system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others is

Language

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called ________.

flashbulb memories

The sounds of "t," "th," and "sh" are ________.

phonemes

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the

serial position effect

While reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute, Megan effortlessly understands almost every 1/1 word. This ability highlights the importance of _________________.

Automatic processing

According to ________, the language we speak determines the pattern of our thinking and our view of the world.

Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis

A teenage believes very strongly that a particular basketball player should not play on his favorite team. Over the course of the season, the teenager only focuses on every mistake, turnover, missed shot the player makes. However, the teen does not notice how well the player passes, helps the other teammates, and rebounds. The teenager's behavior illustrates which of the following?

Confirmation bias

Walking to your bedroom, you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

Context-dependent memory

Of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem-solving?

Devising as many solutions as possible

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven deadly sins. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible 1/1 names of the sins and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more sins?

Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition easier for them.

An advantage of using an algorithm to solve a problem is that algorithms:

Guarantee a correct solutiom

The internet, with its series of interconnected links across multiple sites, is a good analogy for the organization of

Long-term memory

Which situation is NOT an example of functional fixedness?

Martina twists her ankle playing soccer but does not have ice and uses a bag of frozen peas.

A mental representation of an object or an event is called a __________

Mental image

A witness on the stand swears that he saw someone commit a crime. Must you believe that the testimony is valid 1/1 when a witness testifies so forcefully?

No, because there is a great possibility of a "false positive" identification.

Which psychologist created the triarchic theory of intelligence that states people's intelligence is determined by analytical, creative, and practical components?

Robert Sternberg

Ivanna and Charlier are expecting their first child. At the ultrasound, Ivanna was told that there was a 30% change the child would have Down Syndrome. Ivanna was anxious after hearing the news until her husband told her there was a 70% change that the child would not have Down Syndrome. What might Ivanna's change in perception be attributed to?

The framing effect

Which of the following best describes explicit memories?

The result of effortful processing

In the curve of forgetting documented by Hermann Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs ________.

Within the first hour of learning new material

A valid test is one that

actually measures what it sets out to measure

People with Alzheimer's disease typically have a memory problem known as ________

anterograde amnesia

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of:

general intelligence and specific abilities

________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.

memory

Noam Chomsky's view of language proposes that

people have an inherent language acquisition device

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going they "smashed" into each other rather than "hit" or "contacted" each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that

portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been.

Short-term memories appear to be localized in the ________.

prefrontal lobes