AP Psychology Module 1: Test #2

Arianna is nervous around large crowds and often leaves social situations such as school dances and parties bc she feels like she might have a panic attack. Her father died when she was a young girl, but she still often has nightmares about his death. Arianna enjoys school. she generally receives good grades and appreciates the positive feedback from her teachers, which further encourages her to improve her academic skills. explain how each of the seven main theoretical perspectives in psychology would explain Arianna's behavior.

-Biological Approach: would attribute Arianna's nervousness to brain chemistry, hormones, or genetic influences. -Evolutionary approach: would explore how avoiding social crowds might have been a survival advantage for early humans, such as by reducing exposure to germs and violence. -Psychodynamic approach: would examine Arianna's early life and how she dealt with losing her father, focusing on Arianna's childhood experiences and unconscious anxieties. -Behavioral approach: would look at what Arianna has learned in the past through rewards and punishments. She may have had a negative experience in a large group in the past and as a result has learned to avoid social gatherings. -Cognitive Approach: would focus on examining how Arianna perceives situations. Her interpretation of social situations may impact the outcome. -Humanistic Approach: would look at how Arianna's environment may have hindered growth and self-fulfillment. -Social-Cultural Approach: would examine how interactions within the cultures Arianna belongs to influence her expectations about social situations. If her family or other cultural influences encourage her to attend social functions, that might influence her to continue to try attending those kinds of events.

Alex, a high School junior has been struggling recently in many areas of his life. He is overweight and spends several hours per day watching Netflix and Youtube. He is having trouble keeping up in class and says he can't seem to maintain his focus. He also is having trouble making friends and "fitting in" at school. Explain how the following applied psychologists might attempt to help Alex's current situation -health psychologists -school psychologists -counseling psychologists

-Health Psychologist might work with Alex to create a suitable exercise program to improve his diet. This should help him to become healthier overall and may increase his focus. -A school psychologist might work with Alex along with his parents, teachers, and counselors to determine why he is struggling in class and to make recommendations for improving his classroom performance. -A counseling psychologist might work with Alex to determine why he has recently found numerous aspects of his life more challenging. This psychologist might work on strategies for helping Alex to improve his social skills and to make some friends.

At the end of this course, you will probably be taking the AP Psych exam. Explain how you could use the following concepts to help you succeed on that test. -testing effect -spaced practice -SQ3R

-Testing effect: Students should frequently test themselves, over the course of the year, on the material they are currently learning as well as the material they have already learned. -Spaced Practice: Studying should be spaced out over the entire span of the course and not crammed into the last days or hours before the AP exam. -SQ3R: Students should use the Survey-Question-Read-Retrieve-Review method in order to most effectively learn the material for the entire course. This will allow them to process the info on a deeper level and retain it better over the course of the year.

Which of the following psychologists would most likely conduct psychotherapy?

Clinical

Which of the following kinds of psychologists would most likely explore how we process and remember information?

Cognitive

Which of the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?

Cognitive

Which psychological perspective is most likely to focus on how our interpretation of a situation affects how we react to it?

Cognitive

Which subfield or perspective is most interested in studying the link between mental activity and brain activity?

Cognitive neuroscience

Which of the following psychologists most strongly emphasize that human behavior is powerfully influenced by the interaction btwn people and their physical, social, political, and economic environments?

Community

A psychologist works with children whose parents are divorcing. She helps them develop skills they need to cope with the situation. Which of the following psychologists is most likely to be helping these children?

Counseling

Which of the following psychologists would most likely investigate biological, psychological, cognitive, and social changes over a lifetime?

Developmental

Which psychological principle best explains why studying an hour per day for a week is more effective than one 7-hour study session?

Distributed practice

A psychologist investigates the methods teachers use to enhance student learning. In which of the following subfield is the psychologist most likely working?

Educational Psychology

Which school of thought in psychology focused on the adaptive nature of thinking and how our consciousness evolves to meet our needs?

Functionalist

Dwayne is interested in helping people make good decisions regarding their physical well-being. Dwayne should consider a career as a

Health Psychologist

Who among the following would most likely study the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments?

Human factors psychologist

The study of our human potential for personal growth has been a focus of which psychological perspective?

Humanistic

Positive Psychology, which studies the ideas behind human flourishing, is connected to which psychologist?

Martin Seligman

The debate about the relative contributions of biology and experience to human development is most often referred to as what?

Natural selection

Which of the following is a major issue in modern day psychology?

Nature-Nurture

According to the behavioral perspective, psychological science should be rooted in what?

Observation

Which of the following professionals focuses on the study of human flourishing and the attainment of a happy, meaningful life?

Positive psychologist

Which of the following perspectives would be most likely to examine the unconscious motives of a person who is overly aggressive on the basketball court?

Psychodynamic

The science of behavior and mental processes is the definition of which field of study?

Psychology

Self-reflective introspection about the elements of experience best describes a technique used by which school of thought in psychology?

Structuralists

Which of the following is the best example of applied research?

Using psychological concepts to boost worker productivity

What was the main difference between the psychological thinking of Wilhelm Wundt and earlier philosophers who were also interested in thinking and behavior?

Wundt and his students gathered data about human thinking and behavior in a laboratory setting

Psychiatrists differ from clinical psychologists in that they....

are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medication.