AP Psychology Unit 2 Test Review

Semantic encoding

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of:

Thinking

Cognitive psychologists are most directly concerned with the study of:

Functional fixedness (3)

Danny does not have wrapping paper to use to wrap a birthday present, and so he decides to use colorful newspaper comics instead. Danny's solution demonstrates that he has overcome

Belief perseverance

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates:

Echoic

For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory.

Priming

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as:

The memory of eyewitnesses

In a legal case, Elizabeth Loftus' research on the misinformation effect is most often used to cast doubt on which of the following?

Rehearsal

In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as:

happy; happy

Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is ________.

An algorithm

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:

Devising as many solutions as possible

Of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem-solving?

7

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.

Functional fixedness

Raul and Sophia were having a picnic when it started to rain. They did not think of using their big plastic tablecloth as a temporary rain shelter and so were drenched within minutes. Their oversight best illustrates:

Memory loss for events that have occurred before the time of the incident

Retrograde amnesia can be best defined as:

Memory loss for events that have occurred before the time of the incident (2)

Retrograde amnesia can best be defined as:

The representativeness heuristic (2)

Sarah is lost. She quickly scans the crowd and decides to ask an elderly woman for directions because she believes the woman will be kind. Which method of problem solving did Sarah most likely use?

Simple rehearsal

Talking to yourself and repeating information silently or out loud is called:

Predictive validity

The SAT does not take into consideration a student's motivation and work ethic in school. There has been evidence that some students who do not perform well on the SAT's can go on to become very successful college students. Because of this, the SAT has a lower

Flashbulb memories

The ability to distinctly remember the first bombings of Baghdad during the 2003 war in Iraq best illustrates:

Emotional

The amygdala is responsible for which of the following types of memories?

Mood-congruent memory

The association of sadness with memories of negative life events contributes to:

Long-term potentiation

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as:

Flashbulb memory

The vivid recall of emotionally significant events is known as

Context-dependent memory (2)

Walking into your bedroom, you think, "I need to get my backpack from the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

Mental age / chronological age x 100

What is the equation of the intelligent quotient (IQ)?

An algorithm (2)

When solving an anagram, one must try every possible combination of letters until the hidden word appears. This is an example of:

Standardization of tests

Which factor would NOT cause the Flynn Effect?

Hippocampus (2)

Which of the following brain structures plays an important role in memory storage from short term memory to long term memory?

Remembering that you got a bicycle for your 12th birthday

Which of the following examples best illustrates episodic memory?

Recalling published reports of corporate fraud to estimate how much fraud occurs in American business.

Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?

Future academic success

Which of the following statements best describes the criterion of an aptitude test?

Declarative memory involves memories for skills, habits, and things learned through classical conditioning

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

People may be asked misleading questions

Which of the following statements is correct regarding why eyewitness testimony is not always accurate?

Multiple choice is to fill-in

_____ Recognition is to recall as:

Iconic

By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory.

Repression

Adults who have trouble remembering incidences of childhood sexual abuse have often been led by therapists to believe that their memory difficulties are due to:

Context-dependent memory

After learning that kicking would move a crib mobile, infants showed that they recalled this learning best if they were tested in the same crib. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on recall.

Retroactive interference

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of:

Short-term

After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.

The misinformation effect

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of:

Retroactive interference (2)

After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates:

Implicit memory

After studying for a test, Jack realized he remembered exactly where a piece of information appeared on a page in his textbook, even though he did not try to remember the item. This is an example of:

Overconfidence

After taking two years of college economics courses, Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire. Lionel should become more aware of:

Hippocampus

Although Mr. Yanagita has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his:

Recognition

An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized?

The misinformation effect (2)

A few people witnessed an assault. Before the police arrive, one witness confidently tells the others that the assailant was wearing a green shirt, though in fact the shirt was blue. Later, when the police interview each witness individually, almost all of them state that they remember a green shirt. The memory error is referred to as?

Decide quickly by using the first information that comes to mind

A person uses the availability heuristic to

Functional fixedness (2)

A teenager was given a new phone as a gift and thought the old phone should be thrown away, not realizing that the old phone could be used as a music player to avoid taking up space on the new phone. This example illustrates

The availability heuristic

A televised image of a starving child had a greater impact on Mr. White's perception of the extensiveness of world hunger than did a statistical chart summarizing the tremendous scope of the problem. This suggests that his assessment of the world hunger problem is influenced by:

The representativeness heuristic

Because Ken is 6'6", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his college's basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of:

A prototype

Because it has all the features commonly associated with the concept of a dog, a Labrador is considered:

Confirmation bias

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates: