AP Psychology: Weekly Quiz #10

What is one major difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning? a. Operant conditioning takes place as a result of some voluntary action, while classical conditioning takes place without choice. b. Operant conditioning takes place before the response, while classical conditioning takes place after the response. c. Operant conditioning is learned by association, while classical conditioning is learned by reinforcement. d. Classical conditioning is part of social cognitive learning, while operant conditioning is not. e. Classical conditioning has a stimulus but no response, while operant conditioning has both a stimulus and a response

a. Operant conditioning takes place as a result of some voluntary action, while classical conditioning takes place without choice.

Mary gives her two young sons a sticker every time they clean up their rooms, take the dog out for a walk, and empty the garbage. When they earn 30 stickers, they can go to the movies. This approach to behavior modification is known as: a. a token economy b. positive reinforcement c. primary reinforcement d. cognitive behavioral therapy e. cueing principle

a. a token economy

In Albert Bandura's "bobo" doll experiment, which group of children spontaneously acted aggressively toward the doll rather quickly? a. model-reward conditioned b. model-punished conditioned c. no-consequences conditioned d. reward and punishment conditioned e. no conditioned

a. model-reward conditioned

Which of the following best describes the basic principle behind operant conditioning? a. the consequences one receives are directly based on his or her behavior b. the conditioned stimulus one responds to is called a conditioned response c. continuous reinforcement is the best way to reinforce positive behavior d. to decrease undesired behaviors one must use negative punishment

a. the consequences one receives are directly based on his or her behavior

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the idea behind social cognitive learning? a. learning occurs when we see someone else being punished for a behavior b. learning is likely to happen whether we see someone else punished or rewarded for behavior c. learning occurs when we see someone else being rewarded for a behavior d. learning is simply based on observation e. learning is based on external rewards and behaviors

b. learning is likely to happen whether we see someone else punished or rewarded for behavior

Latent learning can be best described as: a. learning that depends on the mental process b. learning that is not immediately reflected in a behavior change c. a learning technique that provides precise information about one's inner bodily functions d. learning that is based on rewards and punishments e. a type of learning that occurs after the behavior has already been done

b. learning that is not immediately reflected in a behavior change

A defendant is harassed and tortured until he confesses a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. positive punishment e. negative punishment

b. negative reinforcement

The key difference between primary and secondary reinforcement is: a. one is a positive form of reinforcement and the other is a negative form for reinforcement b. one is naturally satisfying and unlearned while the other is something learned through positive experience c. one is a form of escape conditioning while the other is a form of avoidance conditioning d. one uses a variable schedule of reinforcement and the other is a continuous schedule of reinforcement e. one is an example of operant conditioning and the other of classical conditioning

b. one is naturally satisfying and unlearned while the other is something learned through positive experience

Salina receives a one-thousand-dollar bonus at her job after she sold the most cars this month. The one-thousand-dollar bonus is an example of a: a. primary reinforcer b. secondary reinforcer c. partial reinforcer d. continual reinforcer e. total reinforcer

b. secondary reinforcer

What is the goal of both positive and negative reinforcement? a. to decrease the likelihood that a negative reinforcer will follow a behavior b. to increase the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated c. to decrease the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated d. to ensure there are no negative consequences following the behavior e. to add a primary reinforcer after someone does a proper behavior

b. to increase the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated

Schedule of reinforcement have a direct effect on maintaining your behavior. Which schedule of reinforcement is identified by your calling in this example: Calling a friend and getting a busy signal because he or she is frequently on the phone? a. fixed interval b. variable interval c. fixed ratio d. variable ratio e. fixed variable

b. variable interval

Thorndike's law of effect neglects the inner drives or motives that make learners pursue the "satisfying state," allowing learners to reach their goals. Which of the following psychologists would have agreed with that statement? a. Kohler b. Pavlov c. Tolman d. Skinner e. Watson

c. Tolman

Punishment can be best defined as: a. the reinforcement of a behavior every time it occurs b. taking away something unpleasant when the subject performs the correct behavior c. an attempt to weaken a response by following it with something unpleasant d. adding something unwanted when the subject is not doing the correct behavior and then stopping it when he or she displays the correct behavior e. anything that comes to represent a primary reinforcer

c. an attempt to weaken a response by following it with something unpleasant

Devyn watches a violent television show and then pretends to shoot her brother Tyler with a toy pistol. A psychologist would say that Devyn has learned this behavior through: a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. observational learning d. latent learning e. learning set

c. observational learning

Suspending a basketball player for committing a flagrant foul a. negative reinforcement b. positive reinforcement c. punishment d. primary reinforcement e. secondary reinforcement

c. punishment

Which of the following statements best explains E. L. Thorndike's law of effect? a. Behaviors that are negatively reinforced are most likely to be discontinued than behaviors that are punished. b. Receiving reinforcement every time a person performs a good deed, or continuous reinforcement, will increase the likelihood that the person will continue that behavior. c. The stimuli of food, water, and sex are innately satisfying and require no learning d. Behaviors are strengthened by positive consequences and weakened by negative ones. e. Behaviors are reinforced through primary reinforcers

d. Behaviors are strengthened by positive consequences and weakened by negative ones.

Which of the following responses is not learning through operant conditioning> a. Shelly gets $50 after getting a 90 percent in her math class b. a pigeon learns to peck a disc to get food pellets c. a dog learning to turn in circles for a reward d. a baby takes his first steps e. a horse jumps over a fence to avoid an electric shock

d. a baby takes his first steps

Which of the following is the best example of a negative reinforcement? a. a child getting spanked for bad behavior b. a kindergarten student being put in "time-out" c. a teenager not being allowed to go to her friend's party d. a mother taking an aspirin to eliminate her headache e. a father getting a speeding ticket

d. a mother taking an aspirin to eliminate her headache

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of a cognitive map? a. a dog sits by the window an hour before her owner should return home b. a littler girl remembers to get her jacket before leaving for school c. a boy follows his big sister home on his bike d. when asked for directions to his job, a man recites them in great detail e. a teacher remembers all the names of her students

d. when asked for directions to his job, a man recites them in great detail

Which of the following responses is not learning through operant conditioning? a. Edward Tolman b. Wolfgang Kohler c. B. F. Skinner d. John Watson e. Albert Bandura

e. Albert Bandura

Davey is a young boy who interacts with the family dog by hugging it. Every time the parents witness this interaction, they take Davey's hand and perform a stroking motion on the dog, followed by praising Davey for being good with the dog and then doing an enjoyable activity with Davey. This procedure is known as: a. reinforcement b. chaining c. primary reinforcers d. secondary reinforcers e. shaping

e. shaping