AP Stats Unit 3 Vocab

Wording Bias (a)

Schools in Orange County want to add a special tax to the ballet to increase teacher pay. They survey residents with the following question: "Would you support a special tax that will cost taxpayers 50 million over the next 20 years to raise teacher pay?" What type of bias? (a)

Systematic Sample (b)

Tickets holders outside a concert venue are lined up. A random point in the line is selected and every 20th person is chosen to receive a VIP pass to go back stage and meet the band. What type of sampling? (b)

Convenience Sample (a)

You would like to study the characteristics of Twitter users so you study the accounts of several of your friends on Twitter. You use your friends as a sample to determine characteristics of Twitter users. What non random sampling method was used? (a)

Voluntary Response Sample (a)

Your statistics teacher is considering using new statistical software for his students next year. 10 students volunteer to use the new software on their end of course project and provide feedback about the software. What non random sampling method was used? (a)

stratified random sample (def)

a sampling design in which the population is divided into several subpopulations, and random samples are then drawn from each stratum (def)

sampling with replacement(def)

a selected individual is placed back into the population and could be chosen a second time(def)

treatment (def)

a specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment (def)

response bias (def)

a systematic pattern of incorrect responses in a sample survey (def)

wording bias (def)

a type of response bias where the question is posed to achieve a desired result (def)

population (def)

all subjects of interest (def)

simulation

an imitation of an event; a reproduction of an event that is similar to the actual event- used when experiments are too risky, unethical, or not feasible

prospective study (def)

an observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes (def)

voluntary response bias (def)

bias introduced to a sample when individuals can choose on their own whether to participate in the sample (def)

non-response bias (def)

bias resulting when individuals selected to be in a survey either cannot be contacted or refuse to answer survey questions. (def)

convenience bias (def)

chooses the individuals easiest to reach (def)

Cluster Sample (a)

A baseball team wanted to know how their fans felt about the concession stand. They chose 85 random fans seated in section 104. What type of sample did they take? (a)

undercoverage (a)

A cable company sends an online survey to track customer satisfaction. Your grandmother is upset she was not send a paper copy (she doesn't do internet). What type of bias might be evident here? (a)

sampling without replacement (a)

A card is drawn from the deck. The results are recorded, the card is set to the side, and another card is drawn. What kind of sampling methods is this? (a)

non-response bias (b)

A high school principal send a survey to parents regarding access to internet and home computers. Only 50 of the 800 surveys are returned. What type of bias is this? (b)

response bias (b)

A high school wanted to know what percent of its students smoke cigarettes. During the week when students visited the counselors to schedule classes, they asked every student in person if they smoked cigarettes or not. The data showed that 5% of students smoked cigarettes. What type of bias is this? (b)

sampling without replacement (def)

A member of the population may be chosen for inclusion in a sample only once. If chosen, the member is not returned to the population before the next selection.(def)

Cluster Sample (b)

A reporter from the newspaper wanted to know how much time students spent on homework in a typical week, so he passes out questionnaires to students in a grade 9 English class, an art class, and a grade 12 math class. What type of sample is this? (b)

stratified random sample (a)

A researcher splits the population into groups based on their education level. They took an SRS of 25 from each group. What type of sample is this? (a)

simple random sample (SRS) (a)

A researcher uses a random number generator to choose 75 participants from a population of 200. What type of sample is this? (a)

Undercoverage (b)

A senator wanted to know about how people in her state felt about internet privacy issues. She conducted a poll by calling 100 people whose names were randomly sampled from the phone book (note that mobile phones and unlisted numbers aren't in phone books). The senator's office called those numbers until they got a response from all 100 people chosen. The poll showed that 42%, percent of respondents were "very concerned" about internet privacy. What is the problem with this sample? (b)

sampling with replacement (a)

A student is selected, at random, to win a prize. The same students is selected AGAIN the next time. What type of sample is this likely to be? (a)

wording bias (b)

A survey asks "Do you believe that Americans spend too much money spoiling their kids on commercialized holidays instead of celebrating the "real" reason for the holiday? (b)

response bias (a)

A survey asks "have you ever bullied a classmate?" What type of bias is likely to occur? (a)

Simple Random Sample- SRS (b)

A teacher uses a spinner to choose student helper for the day. All students are represented on the spinner. What type of sample is this? (b)

normal distribution (a)

Bell-shaped, unimodal, and symmetric distribution that is completely defined by its mean and standard deviation (a)

Voluntary Response Sampling (b)

David hosts a podcast and he is curious how much his listeners like his show. He decides to start with an online poll. He asks his listeners to visit his website and participate in the poll. The poll shows that 89% of the 200 respondents "love" his show. What makes his sample biased? (b)

systematic sampling(def)

Every nth item in the target population is selected(def)

cluster sample (def)

Is obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals. (def)

residual (a)

Measures difference in actual value and predicted value for that pair of data (a)

resistant measures (a)

Measures of center and spread that are relatively unaffected by extreme values (outliers). The median and IQR are resistant measures. They represent the "middle" of the distribution. (a)

non-response bias (a)

Of 85,000 students, 5000 surveys are sent out to college students asking about satisfaction with the food services offered. 400 surveys are returned. What type of bias causes this undercoverage? (a)

Interquartile Range (a)

Represents the middle 50% of the distribution. It is calculated by subtracting quartile 1 from quartile 3. IQR=Q_3-Q_1 (a)

empirical rule (a)

Says that 68% of observations are within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% are within 2 stan. dev. And 99.7% are within 3 stan. dev. in a normal distribution (a)

simple randome sample (SRS) (def)

every individual has an equal chance of being chosen (def)

retrospective study (def)

observational study where past data is collected on a sample of individuals (def)

observational study (def)

observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses- no treatment imposed (def)

Undercoverage (def)

occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample(def)

Bias (def)

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.(def)

experiment

study where treatment is imposed and response is recorded

survey

the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions

sample (def)

the subset of the population from which you are actually collecting data (def)

residual plot (a)

•scatterplot of the residuals plotted against the explanatory variable (x) •used to determine if a linear model if appropriate for the model (a)