AP US History - Great Depression / WWII Test

blitzkrieg

"lightning warfare" used by German army

End of Prohibition (year)

1933

Frances Perkins

1st woman in White House cabinet

unemployment rate in 1932

25%

Nazism

Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s

Marion Anderson

African-American opera singer that was denied a chance to sing at the Daughters of America meeting; Eleanor Roosevelt invited her to sing at the Lincoln Monument

bank failures

After the stock market crash, many Americans proceeded to remove their money from the bank causing many banks to fail

AAA

Agricultural Adjustment Administration - regulated farm production, paid farmers to destroy some crops to control overproduction

George Patton

American General who fought in North Africa and Europe

Douglas MacArthur

American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during WWII

Enola Gay

B-29 bomber that dropped the atomic bomb

Harry S Truman

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister

John Maynard Keynes

British economist

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corps - put young men to work doing forest conservation projects

Postdam Conference

Conference where Stalin, Truman, and Churchill came together to decide how Germany would be administered

CIO

Congress of Industrial Organization - an unskilled workers union

Coral Sea

Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft

Sudetenland

Czechoslovakia, many Germans living there, taken over by Germany

supply side economic theory

cut taxes in bad times, which leaves more money to spend to boost economy

Neutrality Acts

designed to avoid American involvement in World War II

Joseph Stalin

dictator of the Soviet Union

scrap and oil embargo in Pacific

embargo against Japan that included metal and jet fuel

Office of War Information

established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep Americans united behind the war effort

market saturation

everyone has what they need, less demand, lower prices, less production and employment, less spending Saturated market: Consumer goods

Benito Mussolini

fascist dictator of Italy

Western Front

fighting between Germany and Allies through France, started with Normandy

Eastern Front

fighting between Germany and USSR

Reuben James Incident

first boat sunk by German u-boats

War Production Board

government agency that decided which companies would make war materials and how to distribute raw materials

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

government aid for failing banks

Federal Farm Board

government loans for farmers

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

high tariff on foreign goods; was supposed to boost economy by making people by US products, actually created a trade barrier with other nations

Causes of The Great Depression

lack of economic diversity, farming sector failing, buying stocks on the margin (speculation), stock market crash, uneven distribution of wealth, international issues

Dwight D Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe

impact on the classes

lower - used to poor conditions, little effect middle - most affected upper - not affected much

Social Security Act

money for old people

Selective Services Act

peace time draft before US joined WWII

Atlantic Charter

pledge by FDR and Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war

National Labor Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)

prohibited employers from prevents employees to form unions, conduct collective bargaining, or strike.

fireside chats

radio program hosted by Roosevelt to help people keep their spirits up during the depression

Kellogg-Briand Pact

said war is illegal (those silly, silly people though it would work)

Recession of 1937

second period of economic decline during the Great Depression that resulted because FDR had largely stopped spending money and attempted to create a balanced budget

Nagasaki

site of second atomic bomb

D-Day Invasion

started in Normandy, on June 6th 1944, was a success, turing point of WWII

Italian Front

started in North Africa and then moved through Italy

court packing

strategy used by FDR to try and pack the Supreme Court with his supporters so that his laws wouldn't be declared unconstitutional (did not work, blocked by Congress)

"island hopping"

strategy used by the US in the Pacific; involved taking islands leading up to Japan

Rosie the Riveter

symbolized all women who worked industries during WWII

Ethiopia

taken control by Mussolini

Keynesian economic theory

tax high in good times, collect rainy day fund, spend high in bad times

Korematsu v. U.S.

the court ruled that the ordering of Japanese-Americans into internment camps was constitutional

Hiroshima

the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb

New Deal coalition

the lower class, industry workers, African-Americans, and farmers all switched from Republican to Democrat to vote for Roosevelt and his New Deal policies

Hundred Days

the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs that lasted 100 days.

Manchuria

upper part of China that was under the Open Door Policy until invaded by Japan

Navajo code

used Indians to send messages in Pacific because their language was so complex

Francis Townsend

wanted Social Security

Father Charles Coughlin

wanted nationalization of banks and a bigger money supper

Huey Long

wanted to "share the wealth" and to have high tax rates

Manhattan Project

code name for the secret United States project set up to develop atomic bombs

Election of 1936

FDR elected again for being awesome

Soviet Union recognition

FDR finally allows the US to recognize the Soviet Union in 1933

Good-Neighbor Policy

FDR's policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries.

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - protects money put in banks even when they fail

Eleanor Roosevelt

First Lady during the Depression

New Deal

Franklin Roosevelt's economic reform program designed to solve the problems of the Great Depression

Four Freedoms

Freedom of Speech, Religion, Want, from Fear; used by FDR to justify a loan for Britain

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Soviet Union

Brain Trust

Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end The Great Depression

Adolf Hitler

I don't think this really needs a flashcard...

United Nations

International organization founded to promote world peace and cooperation

Yalta Conference

Meeting with FDR, Churchill, and Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

Clark Memorandum

Memorandum drawn up in 1928 by J. Ruben Clark that denied that the Monroe Doctrine justified American intervention in Latin America

bank holiday

Roosevelt closed banks to prevent people from running on the banks, causing them to fail

Election of 1932

Roosevelt won, Hoover considered "lame duck" because he was still in office until inauguration

destroyers for bases deal

Roosevelt's compromise for helping Britain as he could not sell Britain US destroyers without defying the Neutrality Act; Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers in exchange for giving the US the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean

Cordell Hull

Secretary of State under Roosevelt

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of Treasury under Hoover

Third Reich

The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s

appeasement

Tired to appease Hitler by giving him Austria, then he took Czechoslovakia. Finally stopped trying to appease him when he took Poland, which started WWII

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet. It marked a turning point in WWII

"cash and carry"

US breaks neutrality, offers military equipment to Allies if they pay cash and come get it from us themselves

Japanese-American internment camps

US put Japanese-Americans in camps during the war

Guadalcanal

US victory

Chester Nimitz

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II

Battle of Stalingrad

Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during WWII

Battle of the Bulge

WWII battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the west

European Theatre

WWII in Europe

Iwo Jima

a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders

Kamikaze

a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots

Five Power Treaty

agreement made by 5 countries to reduce navy size (US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy)

Fair Employment Practices Committee

aimed at insuring morale and maximum use of labor force by preventing employer discrimination against workers because of race or religion

Lend-Lease Act

allowed America to sell, lend or lease arms or other supplies to nations considered "vital to the defense of the United States." Replaced "cash and carry"

Pearl Harbor

attack on a US military base by the Japanese; brought US into WWII; "a day that will live in infamy"

North Africa campaign

attempt to get Germans out of North Africa

Tennessee Valley Authority

built dams along Tennessee river, supplied electricity to farms

fascism

calls for extreme nationalism