AP WORLD 2.1-2.4

The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments?

Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.

The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?

Spread of religion along trade routes

Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia?

The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern Europe, and the Middle East

Which of the following statements is accurate about the Mongols during the 1200s and 1300s?

The Mongols facilitated the diffusion of many Chinese inventions.

The mortality depicted in the image most directly contributed to which of the following changes in Europe in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

The decline of serfdom

The illustration would be most useful to a historian studying which of the following?

Transportation and maritime technologies

Task A: Identify ONE way that Image 1 illustrates an effect of Mongol rule in Eurasia. Task B: Explain ONE likely purpose for the inclusion of Image 1 in the manuscript. Task C: Explain ONE way that Image 2 illustrates the spread of scientific knowledge in the period before 1450

A. The image shows that the Mongol Empire promoted scientific learning. B. The image was probably included in the manuscript to glorify Mongol rule C. The image illustrates that scientific knowledge in the period before 1450 was encouraged by cross cultural exchanges

The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following?

Bubonic plague

Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century?

Chinese in the Indian Ocean

The ideals of traditional Japanese education that the author praises in the passage are most closely aligned with the social ideals advocated by which of the following?

Confucianism

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best explain Béla IV's reasoning for inviting the Cumans into Hungary as mentioned in the third paragraph?

Cumans were nomadic warriors and were familiar with the Mongols' military tactics.

All of the following statements about the use of the currency shown in Image 1 in China under the Yuan dynasty are factually accurate. Which best explains why the currency often led to hyperinflation?

Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites.

The lines on the map above illustrate which of the following?

Extent of trade routes

Angkor Wat in Southeast Asia built circa 1100 C.E., shown above, reflects which of the following world historical processes?

Increased cross-cultural interactions in the Indian Ocean region

The establishment of the Mongol Empire directly facilitated which of the following?

Increased cultural and technological exchange between the Islamic world and China

Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the fourteenth-century Muslim traveler, visited?

India, Mali, and Persia

Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450?

Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Mongol Empire?

It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and Europe.

Which of the following accurately describes the Mongol Empire's role in facilitating trans-Eurasian trade?

It reestablished the Silk Roads between East Asia and Europe

Which of the following did the Mongol armies fail to conquer, and why?

Japan, because severe storms aided the experienced Japanese naval forces

The map above indicates that

Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade

Which of the following factors contributed the most to Omani traders' ability to undertake the voyages depicted on the maps?

Navigational and maritime innovations, such as the astrolabe and lateen sail

Developments such as the one depicted in the painting most directly contributed to which of the following in Afro Eurasia in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

Peasant revolts against taxation and coercive labor systems

The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia?

Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero

The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent?

The Mongol Empire

Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade?

The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially.

Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia in the period circa 1250-1500 C.E.?

The activities of Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries

The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia?

The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China

Which of the following best explains why, in the mid fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro-Eurasia than in rural or mountainous regions?

The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas

Which of the following statements about the Mongol Empire of the thirteenth century is true?

The invasion of Japan was attempted but was unsuccessful.

Which of the following was a major cause for the growth of cities throughout Afro-Eurasia from 800 C.E. to 1350 C.E.?

The rise of interregional commerce

The scene depicted in the painting is best understood in the context of which of the following wider Afro-Eurasian developments?

The spread of epidemic diseases

The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following?

The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests

Marco Polo described which of the following at Kublai Khan's court that he had not encountered in Europe?

The use of paper money and coal and the practice of frequent bathing

Historians who argue that there was substantial global integration by the end of the thirteenth century would most likely cite which of the following as evidence to support their claims?

The widening and deepening of exchange networks linking Afro-Eurasia after the Mongol conquests

In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common?

They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.

The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes?

To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past

Which of the following was the major contributing factor to the spread of the plague to Cairo, Beijing, and Florence in the fourteenth century?

Trade along the Mongol road system across Central Asia

Which of the following best explains the continuity in the trade routes between East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India as shown on the maps?

Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of the monsoon winds

The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade?

Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China.

During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, territories under Mongol control benefited from which of the following?

Trade that tied several distinct regional networks together

a) Identify the main argument about Indian Ocean ports b) Identify ONE factor that facilitated the regional trade in Calicut, as illustrated in the passage c) Describe ONE similarity between the commercial interactions in the regions mentioned in the passage and commercial interactions along the overland Silk Roads in the period circa 1200-1450.

a) The ports around the Indian Ocean were culturally diverse b) The passage shows Islamic law facilitated the regional trade in Calicut and the wider Indian Ocean World c) Trade in both regions emphasized luxury goods such as silk and porcelain

a. Identify ONE way in which the spread of Buddhism in the period before 1450 C.E. illustrates a continuity in patterns of cultural diffusion. b. Explain ONE way in which the spread of Buddhism changed other Asian religious traditions in the period before 1450 C.E. c. Explain ONE way in which Buddhism changed as it spread across Asia.

a. As with Christianity, Islam, and Manichaeism, missionaries played a vital role in spreading Buddhism in Afro-Eurasia in the period before 1450 c.e. b. In response to the spread of Buddhism in China, Daoists adopted monastic institutions and Buddhist doctrines, such as the doctrine of emptiness. c. The spread of Buddhism into areas settled by Greek colonists in the northern Indian subcontinent and parts of Central Asia between circa 200 b.c.e., and 200 c.e., led to Greek influences on Buddhist art and philosophy.

a. Thesis/Claim b. Contextualization c1. Provides evidence c2. EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT

a. Large land empires that developed during the period between 1200 and 1450 were critical to facilitating the expansion of religions such as Islam in both Eurasia and Africa b. Preexisting states such as the Song Dynasty, the Ghana Empire, Ethiopia, the Abbasid Caliphate, etc. c1. Spread of Buddhism throughout East and Southeast Asia C2. Spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by

decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to

facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

Image 1 could best be used as evidence of the ways in which

imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity.

Béla IV's statement in the fourth paragraph that the Hungarian people "cannot cease to be amazed" by the actions of the papacy most directly refers to the papacy's failure to aid the Hungarians while

initiating European military campaigns in the Middle East

In the fourteenth century, merchants from China, Arabia, Persia, and Egypt were drawn to Calicut, India, primarily to purchase

pepper