Ap world ch 23

According to the divine-right theory of government,

the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects.

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended of the Thirty Years' War, ensured that

-Germany remained fragmented. -the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion. -each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs. -the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy.

Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons except

-The Lutheran challenge sapped much of his attention. -French kings undermined his efforts and allied themselves with his enemies. -There was no central administration to the empire; each state was governed separately. -His empire was geographically fragmented. EXCEPT: He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther.

Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because

-he attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford. -many Christians shared his concern about the corruption of the Church. -many German princes saw this as a way to break away from the Church. -he supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages

The new monarchs were characterized by all of the following except

-large centrally administered bureaucracies. -standing professional armies. -increased state revenues through taxes. -enhanced power at the expense of the nobles. EXCEPT: a commitment to individual liberty.

The reforms of Peter I included all of the following except:

-offering better pay for peasants who served for life as professional soldiers. -forcing his subjects to adopt western European fashions. EXCEPT: forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of serfs. building the city of St. Petersburg to serve as a base of -providing extensive training and modern weapons to soldiers.

Which of the following was not part of Charles V's holdings?

England

What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism?

Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome.

Which individual is incorrectly paired with a scientific discovery?

Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter.

Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation?

centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority.

New institutions that supported early capitalism included all of the following except

craft guilds.

The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political ends?

discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism.

The population of Europe grew dramatically in the seventeenth century because of

improved nutrition with new American food crops.

Louis XIV managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by

requiring the nobility to live at Versailles where he could distract them and keep an eye on them.

In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church

summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment

The Thirty Years' War began when

the Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.

One reason for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century was that

the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence.

Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all of the following except

the election of the monarch by the merchant class.

The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups except

the guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying.

Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greatly aided by

the printing press.

Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that

the stars and planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws.

Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without

the telescope.

What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)?

to be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world