Ap World ch 24/25

Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?

Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.

What similar view of Doña Marina is portrayed in both images?

She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.

Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?

The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.

Which of the following is best concluded about slavery in British North America from the graph above and knowledge of the period?

The increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers.

"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away. The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover mines and to claim silver, told him: 'If you so desire this substance, I will take you where you can fill your hands and satisfy your greed with it.' The city houses at least 600 White residents, and most of them are Spaniards. There are about 800 Black slaves and mulattoes*. There are about 1,500 Indians in the work gangs who labor in all types of occupations in the mines." Alonso de la Mota y Escobar, Bishop of Guadalajara, Mexico, geographical treatise, 1605 *a person of mixed European and African ancestry The economic activities described in the passage contributed most directly to which of the following?

the emergence of the first truly global exchange networks

Which of the following was a major environmental effect of the European establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients

"Migration of man and his maladies is the chief cause of epidemics. And when migration takes place, those creatures who have been in isolation longest suffer most, for their genetic material has been least tempered by the variety of world diseases. Among the major subdivisions of the species Homo Sapiens, the American Indian probably had the dangerous privilege of the longest isolation from the rest of mankind." Alfred Crosby, world historian, 1967 Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above?

Amerindians long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage

"The inhabitants of the New World were bearers of no serious new infection transferable to the European and African populations that intruded upon their territory . . . whereas the abrupt confrontation with the long array of infections that European and African populations had encountered piecemeal across some four thousand years of civilized history provoked massive demographic disaster among Amerindians." William McNeill, world historian, 1976 Which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above?

Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles.

Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.?

Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara

Commander Cotton's reaction to the events in Jamaica, in the notice above, might best be understood in the context of which of the following?

Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority

The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible. Which of the following would complicate generalizations made from this world economy theory?

Strong governments in the slave-exporting regions of West Africa

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of:

Sugar

In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes?

The increase in global demand for cash crops like sugar

Which of the following describes the most important cause of the demographic changes associated with the Columbian Exchange?

The introduction of new world food crops in Afro-Eurasia and the spread of Afro-Eurasian food crops to the Americas

All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT

air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil feuls

Before 1700, Spain governed its American colonies through a system of

appointed administrators

The agriculture and labor systems that the Portuguese developed on the Atlantic island of Madeira in the 1450s were implemented in which of the following places a century later?

brazil for sugar production

In the period 1450—1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?

cash crops such as sugar and tobacco

"Seeing how vile and despicable the idol was, we went outside to ask why they cared about so crude and ungainly a thing. But they, astounded at our daring, defended the honor of their god and said that he was Pachacamac, the Maker of the World, who healed their infirmities. According to what we were able to learn, the devil appeared to their priests in that hut and spoke with them, and they entered there with petitions and offerings from the entire kingdom of Atahualpa, just as Moors and Turks go to the house in Mecca. Seeing the evil of what was there and the blindness of all those people, we gathered together their leaders and enlightened them. And in the presence of all, the hut was opened and torn down and with much solemnity a tall cross was raised over the seat which for so long the devil had claimed as his own." Miguel de Estete, Spanish mercenary soldier, account of an expedition to The Spanish actions described in the passage differed from European attempts to promote Christianity in South and East Asia in the period 1450-1750 in that

in south and east asia, europeans were unable to subjugat pollitcally the powerful existing states

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by

increased production of cash crops like sugar

"Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms." © Basil Davidson, trans., [ital] The African Past[roman] (Curtis Brown, Ltd., 1964) The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch form a king located

on the western coast of Africa

The main arguments of the two sources are most similar in their emphasis on the

significance of European access to precious metals from the Americas

Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market?

sugar and tobacco

The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial economies in

the Caribbean and Brazil

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was

the demand for weapons among African elites

The ethnic makeup of Zacatecas, as described in the passage, can best be used as evidence of which of the following?

the dependance of colonial economies on coerced labour

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT

the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because

large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper

Historians consider the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to be a time of great change in cultivation methods and in the physical landscape of Latin America. Which of the following pairings was most responsible for these changes?

slave labor and sugar

The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800?

sugarcane