AP WORLD USELESS INFO

Which of the following best describes the excerpt above?

A liberal nationalist response to colonialism

Marx's statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century?

A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which could be most directly used to modify Schama's argument that the war provided "overwhelming evidence of a new-found British social cohesiveness and mutual loyalty"?

After a brief period of supporting the war effort, the Indian National Congress continued its anti-imperialist agitation, with Gandhi launching a Quit India campaign in 1942.

Which of the following describes a conclusion about Asia that is best supported by the data in the table?

Although Asia had far fewer vessels than North America had, Asia was responsible for a larger percentage of world trade.

Considering global trends in late-nineteenth-century migration movements, the specific migrations that produced the demographic situation shown in the table most likely contributed to which of the following social or political changes in India?

An increase in the number of Indian women engaging in occupations that had formerly been held by men

Which of the following occurred in nineteenth-century Africa as a result of the end of the transatlantic slave trade?

An increased use of slave labor within Africa

Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century?

An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time

Based on the chart, which of the following best describes a pattern in the spread of railroads in Europe from 1830 to 1850 ?

Areas in northwestern Europe adopted railroads more extensively than areas in other parts of Europe.

The instructions to Lugard in articles (d) and (f) best reflect which of the following regarding the purpose of the board of directors' letter?

As a commercial enterprise, the British Royal Niger Company hoped that Lugard's voyage would allow it to expand its exports of African raw materials to Europe and its imports of European finished goods to Africa.

In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following?

Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China

The print above suggests that as nineteenth-century Japan industrialized, Japanese women did which of the following?

Became involved in the factory system and industrial production.

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900?

Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900 ?

Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

Compared with late-nineteenth-century East or South Asian migrants to other world regions, the ancestors of the populations shown in the table likely received a somewhat better reception in their host societies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Because of the ethnic and religious diversity of Caribbean colonial societies, there was no prejudice against newcomers, and immigrants, including Indian laborers, were generally welcomed by local populations.

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

Which of the following best explains the similarity between Hutu views of the Tutsi in the "Hutu Ten Commandments" and the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany?

Both the Tutsi and Jews were persecuted based on ethnic prejudice.

Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century?

Both were attracted by employment opportunities.

Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?

Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.

The industrialization of Great Britain's economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

Britain had large reserves of coal.

Which of the following best describes the comparative change in kilometers of railroad lines in Britain and France from 1830 to 1850 ?

Britain possessed more railway lines in 1830 and expanded its lead significantly over France by 1850.

Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following during the nineteenth century?

British colonization of India

All of the following statements about Canada in the early twentieth century are factually accurate. Which would most likely help to explain why Yanaihara thought that his claims regarding Korea might be well received by a Canadian audience?

Canada's economy grew during most of the early twentieth century under British rule, and Canadian troops willingly helped the British Empire defend its colonial territories in Asia and Africa.

A historian researching international migration patterns of the nineteenth century would find which of the following sources most useful?

Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals

Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century?

China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.

Based on Image 1, the painter most likely held which of the following views of China?

China was behind Europe in cultural and scientific development.

The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880?

Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.

A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful?

Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the passage?

Despite abolition, racial hierarchies and labor patterns remained influential.

Which of the following was a continuity in the development of African states in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

Despite geographical barriers, some African states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contacts with the broader Afro-Eurasian world.

The passage above best reflects which of the following?

Development of nationalism

Based on the third paragraph, Stanley's vision of the future of the Congo River basin can best be seen as part of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments?

Economic imperialism

In contrast to initial industrialization, the second Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following?

Electricity, steel, and chemicals

The "second Industrial Revolution" in the last half of the nineteenth century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

Electricity, steel, and chemicals

The Indian liberal view of women discussed in the passage is best understood in the context of which of the following?

Emerging women's suffrage and feminist movements

Césaire's statement above was most likely made in response to

European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies

The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa?

European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations

In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following?

European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies

"Extraterritoriality" can best be described as which of the following?

Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's conclusion about the importance of exotic goods to the Maya region's economy?

Exotic goods were exchanged over long distances within the Maya lowlands.

Which of the following does the author of Source 1 cite as evidence of cultural exchange between East and West Africa during the First World War?

Experiments in architecture and the gathering of souvenirs

The "Hutu Ten Commandments" is best explained as being part of which of the following continuities in twentieth-century history?

Extremist groups using propaganda to target specific minority populations

Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans?

Fossil fuels

Which of the following does the author of Source 1 NOT cite as evidence of European science and technology contributing to cultural change in Nigeria?

Gift gathering for women back home

Members of which of the following groups led opposition to industrialization in both Qing China and the Ottoman Empire?

Government officials

The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes?

Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism

Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880 ?

Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans

The ideology reflected in the poster was most directly the result of which of the following developments in the nineteenth century?

Growing discontent with traditional forms of government led to the development of new political ideas.

Which of the following best explains why Schama uses the claim that the British government did not have to apply any "undue pressure" on either factory owners or factory workers during the war?

He wanted to support his argument that Britons were completely mobilized for the war effort.

Which of the following pieces of information that Trollope reveals about himself in the passage might best explain his contention that economic inequalities ought to be addressed "gradually and without any sudden disruption of society"?

His admission that he was born into a fortunate condition

Which of the following is an argument in the second paragraph of the inscription regarding King Adityawarman?

His spiritual attributes and worldly achievements made him a powerful and legitimate ruler.

The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts?

Imperialism

For the period circa 1650-1790, the differences between clove prices in Southeast Asia and those in Amsterdam best support which of the following conclusions?

Imperialism economically benefited European merchants and governments while leading to the economic decline or stagnation of Asian producers.

Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?

Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil

Which of the following countries or regions led the world in the production of cotton cloth in 1700?

India

Many Indian historians after independence would likely have objected to Bayly's characterization of Indian liberalism on the basis of their belief that

Indian nationalism was inspired predominantly by Indian cultural and political traditions

Japan's industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union's industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common?

Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative.

Wilhelm II's assurances in the second paragraph that "nobody is threatening the honor or power of Russia" and that the tsar can "well afford" to await the results of attempts to defuse the crisis best testify to the importance of which of the following factors in the outbreak of the First World War?

Intense nationalism, fueled by mass media, often forced the hand of military and political leaders.

Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species?

It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.

Together with access to coal deposits, which environmental factor most directly contributed to Great Britain's early industrialization?

Its abundance of iron ore

Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire?

Japan

Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions?

Japan during the Meiji Restoration

Which of the following developments in the period 1878-1922 best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above?

Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization.

In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the

Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing

In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world?

Liberalism

Which of the following aspects of the Marxist critique of capitalism would be most useful in understanding why the author of the passage chose to invoke Karl Marx's thought in the first paragraph?

Many Marxists criticized imperialism for arresting the economic development of the colonies and reducing them to mere raw material export economies, and Wesseling appears to agree with that criticism.

The rapid growth of industrial output in Russia during the 1890s was most likely comparable to the growth of industrial output in which other state during the same period?

Meiji Japan

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the positions expressed by the authors of the two sources regarding the idea that existing political boundaries should be changed so that each nation has its own state?

Neither Source 1 nor Source 2 explicitly supports the idea.

Which of the following would best support Schama's argument in the first paragraph about the role of Churchill's speeches in Great Britain's war effort?

New mass media such as radio greatly expanded the reach of governments' mobilization efforts.

Which of the following best explains why people from nonindustrialized regions constituted the majority of migrants in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Nonindustrialized regions often experienced large population increases that made it more difficult for people to find local jobs.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some governments responded to the growing popularity of ideas such as the ones expressed in the passage by doing which of the following?

Passing reforms designed to improve the conditions of industrial workers

Which of the following is the main claim that the author makes in the passage?

People have natural rights that can be established through rational inquiry.

In the nineteenth century, women's use of bound feet (China), white face paint (Japan), and corsets (western Europe) are examples of which of the following?

Practices that inhibit female activities

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the second paragraph?

Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.

Witbooi's perspective in the last paragraph is historically significant because it most directly illustrates which of the following rationales for African people resisting European imperial encroachment?

Resistance to preserve traditional political structures threatened by direct European territorial expansion

The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?

Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas

The passage can best be used to explain the role of which of the following in bringing about the First World War?

Rival great power alliances

Which of the following events that preceded the outbreak of the First World War best explains why Russian troops were being mobilized against Austria-Hungary, as stated in the first paragraph?

Russia was acting in support of Serbia, which was facing an imminent Austro-Hungarian attack following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The makeup of the force shown in the image is best explained by the fact that by 1917

Russia's army morale and home-front effort were collapsing because of the strains of total war

Which of the following best supports the argument that the last three decades of the nineteenth century were a turning point in world history?

Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses

The image and its caption provide evidence that would best help explain the ideas of which of the following ideologies that emerged in the late nineteenth century?

Social Darwinism

The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of

Social Darwinism

Trollope's arguments in the second paragraph are most clearly intended to offer an alternative to the arguments made by which late nineteenth-century group?

Socialists

Which of the following continuities in the development of African states in the period circa 1200-1450 most likely explains the prevalence of Christianity in Ethiopia?

Some African states' religious traditions continued to be influenced by cultural transfers dating back to earlier centuries.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the views expressed in the two sources?

Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in the two sources regarding ideas of liberty and equality?

Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.

Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph of the inscription?

Statues of Buddhist divine figures could spiritually benefit everyone.

The excerpt above emphasizes which of the following solutions to the exploitation of industrial laborers?

Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives

The combination between religious and political aspects in the Abbasid state's concept of rulership is best reflected in which of the following?

The Abbasid state was headed by a caliph who was theoretically the state's supreme religious and political leader.

In Poem 1, the sentiments regarding education and politics are best understood in the context of which of the following?

The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule

Which of the following best explains the motivation behind the policy outlined in the passage?

The British wished to extract more raw materials for their domestic industry.

The philosophy behind the late-nineteenth-century Chinese policy mentioned above was part of which of the following?

The Chinese government's attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening

Zeng Guofan's analysis of the situation in China in 1854 was likely influenced by which of the following?

The Confucian notion of the dynastic cycle

The rival British and French claims over the Niger River region in the 1890s were most directly a part of which of the following processes?

The European "scramble" to acquire territories in Africa through both peaceful and military means

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the third paragraph?

The French Revolution has advanced the principles of Enlightenment.

Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?

The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.

Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French?

The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.

The trade illustrated by the map contributed most directly to which of the following?

The Haitian Revolution

During the eighteenth century, which of the following reigned, but did not rule?

The Japanese emperor

Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meiji period (1868—1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving?

The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power.

Japanese expansion in the late nineteenth century is most directly explained in the context of the decline of which of the following empires?

The Qing Empire

Which of the following aspects of the immediate historical situation in which the letter was written best explains the author's demands toward the end of the second paragraph?

The Soviet government used the pretext of the ongoing civil war to engage in repressive policies against entire sections of its population.

The unrest reflected in the image is best explained by which of the following features of the Russian government at the time of the photograph?

The Tsarist regime that governed Russia was autocratic and unresponsive to calls for reform.

All of the following statements about the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups in Rwanda are factually accurate. Which would best explain how the attitudes expressed in the "Hutu Ten Commandments" were a reaction to past developments in Rwandan history?

The Tutsi were heavily favored and promoted to positions of power under European colonial rule, while the Hutu were not.

In addition to Japan, which of the following non-European states created an empire in the Asia-Pacific region in the late nineteenth century?

The United States

Despite the disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate, Islam continued to spread across Afro-Eurasia in the period 1200-1450 primarily because of which of the following?

The activities of Sufi missionaries

The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?

The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance

The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century?

The application of Enlightenment ideas

Which of the following does the author of Source 2 most directly cite as evidence of a higher casualty rate among Senegalese soldiers in combat than among French soldiers in combat?

The casualty rate after July 1916

Which of the following contributed directly to Great Britain's ability to consolidate or expand its colonial control of interior regions of Asia and Africa in the late nineteenth century?

The changes illustrated in the top two rows of the image

In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following?

The concept of the civilizing mission

Considering global trends in late-nineteenth-century migration movements, the Indian migrations to the Caribbean that produced the demographic situation shown in the table most likely led to which of the following short-term effects?

The creation of Indian ethnic enclaves in Caribbean societies

Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?

The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas

The economic changes in rapidly industrializing countries such as the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century led most directly to which of the following social or intellectual changes during the same period?

The creation of new social classes and class consciousness

Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention?

The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing

The terminology used in the opening sentence of the decree was most directly influenced by which of the following?

The deep influence of Christianity on medieval society and culture

The labor patterns shown in the table are most directly relevant in understanding which broader process in nineteenth-century Europe?

The development of new class identities

The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?

The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution

The debates about maritime shipping in Japan alluded to in the first paragraph were most directly connected to which of the following nineteenth-century developments?

The development of rival economic theories differing with respect to their views of free trade

Which of the following best explains why transoceanic migration increased significantly in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The development of steam-powered ships made it easier and safer for people to cross the oceans

Wesseling's argument in the second paragraph best illustrates which of the following important distinctions within the practice of imperialism in the nineteenth century?

The difference between the economic effects of direct and indirect imperialism

Which of the following does the author cite most directly to support his argument in the third paragraph about the importance of exotic goods in the Maya region?

The existence of unified patterns of behavior in warfare, science, and religion

Considering the purpose of the letter, it most likely overstates which of the following?

The extent to which wealthy Russians continued to live exactly as they did before the revolution (second paragraph).

Which of the following best summarizes the way in which the development of the factory system and the development of new transportation infrastructure such as railways worked together as factors facilitating British industrialization?

The factory system concentrated production in relatively few locations, and the new transportation infrastructure allowed more goods and people to reach these locations in less time.

The process of "consultations with the nobles and clergy of the realm" in the making of Edward III's decree best reflects which of the following?

The fragmented, decentralized nature of European feudal monarchies

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

The greater degree of labor specialization

A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following?

The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies

Which other process in the mid to late nineteenth century most directly led to situations in which non-Western countries found it very difficult to protect their indigenous industries from Western competition, as described in the passage?

The imposition of free-trade regimes on countries such as China, the Ottoman Empire, and Latin American countries through military or diplomatic pressure from Western countries

Which of the following was a major factor that contributed to changes in family dynamics in both Great Britain and Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The increased number of women in the workforce

Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of the Hawaiian Islands from 1872 to 1878 ?

The increased presence of Asian indentured servants on Hawaiian plantations

Which of the following best explains the general increase in the living standards of industrial workers between 1800 and 1914 ?

The increased supply of inexpensive consumer goods

The rapid growth of nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Manchester is best understood in the context of which of the following economic developments?

The increases in agricultural productivity that freed up laborers for work in factories

The changes in Ottoman status alluded to in the passage were most directly the result of which of the following?

The increasing growth of European empires

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?

The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

Trollope's characterization of democracy in the second paragraph can best be seen as a direct reference to which aspect of the historical situation in the late nineteenth century?

The movements to reform countries' political systems by expanding the franchise

By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes?

The political independence of colonies in both North and South America

The policies of the Meiji reformers brought about which of the following in Japan?

The promotion of rapid industrialization

The point of view that Hitler expresses in the first three paragraphs is most directly significant in helping to explain how which of the following contributed to starting the Second World War?

The provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War

The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century?

The rise of Turkic states

The economic statistics cited by Wesseling in the first paragraph are most likely intended to illustrate which aspect of the nineteenth-century global context?

The role of British imperial policy in reversing the development of Indian textile manufacturing

Some historians have argued that the Haitian Revolution (1791—1804) marks the beginning of the process of decolonization that culminated in the dissolution of European colonial empires after the Second World War. Historians who take this position are likely to place the greatest emphasis on the importance of which of the following in the decolonization process?

The role of the desire for natural rights in independence movements

Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image?

The scramble for Africa

As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century?

The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies

Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?

The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions.

As described in the passage, the pattern of economic development in Russia in the nineteenth century differed most strongly from which other pattern of economic development during the same period?

The transition from preindustrial to industrial production through the actions of private entrepreneurs or companies

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists made which of the following arguments?

Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes.

Which of the following best explains the long-term historical significance of the views expressed by Yanaihara in the passage?

They show that some members of the Japanese elite sought to justify aggressive Japanese colonial efforts in China and the Pacific region.

Which of the following best characterizes the significance of the events in Russia in the winter of 1917, as shown in the image?

They started a process that eventually led to a communist revolution.

Which of the following was a key similarity in the policies of the rulers of African states such as Ethiopia in the period circa 1200-1450 ?

They used religion and laws to bolster their legitimacy.

Judging from the excerpt above, which of the following was the main purpose of Morelos' speech?

To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building

Which of the following best explains a difference between European and South Asian migration during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Unlike European migrants, South Asian migrants often served as indentured laborers.

During the nineteenth century, Asian and African rulers usually desired transfer of which of the following western technologies most?

Weapons

Which aspect of the historical situation in West Africa in the 1890s best explains the board of directors' instructions to Lugard in article (h) of the letter?

West Africa was becoming a source of important raw materials for Europe's industrializing economies.

Iwasaki's position in the letter on the relationship between the Mitsubishi Company and the Japanese government is most clearly a response to

Western governments gaining access to Japan's markets by imposing laissez-faire economic regimes

The commercial rivalries discussed in the third paragraph best illustrate the interplay between nineteenth-century economic development in Japan and the development of

Western-dominated large-scale transnational businesses

On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men

Which of the following best explains a likely significant purpose behind Yanaihara publishing his article in a Canadian journal?

Yanaihara wished to justify continued Japanese colonial rule of Korea to potentially hostile Western states.

Waterways such as canals and rivers were important in the process of early industrialization because they provided

a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets

All of the following resulted from the French and Russian Revolutions EXCEPT

a socialist economic system

One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both

challenged monarchical governments

Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by

coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements

Although ideas of European superiority over non-Europeans had existed for centuries, views such as those expressed in the passage provide evidence of an important change in the late nineteenth century that is best explained by the fact that they

combined old cultural prejudice with supposedly "scientific" new ideas of the biological and evolutionary basis of human differences

The class relationships in Manchester described by Parkinson are best explained in the context of the

continuous migration of new workers to industrial towns and the high job turnover

The disparities of wealth mentioned by Parkinson in the passage are best explained in the context of the

high profits and low wages associated with manufacturing industries in the nineteenth century

In the context of the late 1930s, the arguments that Hitler makes in the last paragraph are most significant in explaining how

imperialist aspirations contributed to motivating the policies of fascist states

The claim in the second paragraph that the king has become "free from all physical desire" can best be understood to mean that

in Vedic religions, rejecting worldly concerns in order to attain spiritual perfection was considered a virtue.

All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT

increased rights for laborers

Witbooi's point of view in discussing his right to rule the Nama lands "by double conquest" is historically significant mostly because it illustrates how

interethnic conflicts in Africa led to political fragmentation and ultimately limited Africans' ability to resist imperialism

Witbooi's statement in the last paragraph that he would likely be killed in the process of resisting the Germans is historically significant because it shows that Africans understood the

low probability that armed resistance would be successful because of the military advantages of Europeans

The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the

low wages of workers in industrial societies

In the passage above, Zeng Guofan's purpose in listing the policies of the current Qing emperor is most likely to

mobilize popular support by showing that the Taiping rebellion does not represent a legitimate challenge to Qing rule

In the nineteenth century, the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires were two examples of

multinational empires

All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population from 1750 through 1900 EXCEPT

new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution

Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to

place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable

The author directly uses all of the following pieces of evidence to support his argument about the relationship between exotic goods and the power of Maya rulers EXCEPT that Maya rulers

prohibited nobles and priests from wearing certain types of exotic goods reserved for rulers

Based on the context of European imperialism in the late nineteenth century, a historian examining the image and its caption would likely explain that they provide evidence of how France sought to

reassure students that France's inhumane colonial policies were justified by a so-called "civilizing mission"

Based on the historical situation in which the speech was given, Hitler's most significant motivation for giving the speech was likely to continue to

reinforce the idea to the German people that past injustices required Germany to continue its military buildup and engage in future territorial expansion

Darwin's theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that

select human groups would dominate those less fit

The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why

social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule

The letter's significance as a source of information on popular attitudes to Bolshevik revolutionary policies lies in the fact that it suggests that some Soviet citizens

supported the Bolsheviks in their nationalization of industrial property but urged them to seize the upper classes' private property as well

All of the following claims made by Saint-Maurice in Source 2 directly advocate for the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue EXCEPT

that "White hands will never suffice to work the land under a burning sun"

Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was

the Industrial Revolution

The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C.E. best illustrate the impact of

the Industrial Revolution

Slavery and serfdom were abolished in the 1860s in

the United States and Russia

The need for legal action to address the "grave inconveniences" that might result from the labor shortages described in the passage most likely resulted from

the agrarian nature of medieval European economies and their reliance on coerced labor

In the period circa 1750-1900, the historical process illustrated by the image led directly to all of the following major global transformations EXCEPT

the outbreak of the Atlantic revolutions and the emergence of new states in the Americas

Unlike the four scenes in the top two rows of the lithograph, the inclusion of the two scenes in the bottom row is best explained by

the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution