APA Chapter 6 Crediting Sources
How should a reference to a chapter in an edited book look?
Author, A. A. (2008). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (italicized) (pp.xx-xx). Location (city and state): Publisher (without Inc.)
What changes from a source require no explanation?
changing the first letter of the first word to a capital or lowercase letter and punctuation marks at the end of a sentence
What are DOIs?
digital object identifiers
What format should be used when referencing DOIs?
doi:xxxxxxx
What does the citation of an article imply?
that you have personally read the cited work
How should works be cited that are written by multiple authors?
2 authors: cite both every time 3, 4, or 5 authors: cite all the authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first name followed by et al. Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, and Joseph (2007) - first time Kisangua et al. (2007) found 6 or more authors: cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al.
What is the difference between a reference list and a bibliography?
A reference list cites works that support a particular article. In contrast, a bibliography cites works for background or further reading.
How should references included in a meta-analysis be cited?
Add the following statement before the first reference entry: References marked with an asterisk indicate studies included in the meta-analysis.
How should books be written?
Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle; italicize the title
How should online material without pagination or paragraph numbers be cited?
Cite the heading (the heading can be shortened) and the number of the paragraph following it Example: last word" (Discussion section, para.1) Example: (Golan, Kuchler, & Krissof, 2007, "Mandatory Labeling Has Targeted," para. 4).
What is important to remember about citing references in text?
Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited in the text.
How should online material without pagination be cited?
Paragraph numbers that are visible should be used Example: last word " (para. 4).
How should you cite eight or more authors?
Include the first six authors' names, then insert three ellipsis points, and add the last author's name.
If a secondary source is used, what is true?
It should be cited in the reference list. Example: Allport's diary (as cited in Nicholson, 2003) These should only be used when the original work is out of print or not available in English.
What should be done if you want to emphasize a word or words in a quotation?
Italicize the word or words. Then insert within brackets the words emphasis added [emphasis added] not in italicized print
What should be done if the quotation is comprised of more than 40 words?
The quotation marks should be omitted and the quote should be displayed in a freestanding block of text (block quotation) on a new line and indented (tab)Each new paragraph should be indented again. Always double space the entire quotation.
What should be done if two works have the same author and the same publication date?
They should be ordered by the suffixes a, b, c, and so forth Examples: (Derryberry & Reed, 2005a, 2005b) The suffixes are assigned in the reference list, where they are ordered alphabetically by title.
What should be done for articles that have been accepted for publication but have not yet been published?
Write the words in press in parentheses
When two or more works by different authors are cited within the same parentheses, how should they be organized?
alphabetically by the authors' surnames, and a semicolon should separate each reference.
What should be remembered about directly quoting a source?
always provide the author, year, and specific page citation or paragraph number for nonpaginated material
What should be used when you are adding an explanation or addition to a quotation that is not the words of that other person?
brackets
How should you order works with group authors or with no authors?
by the first significant word of the name or the significant word of the title
How should two or more works by the same author be arranged?
by the year of publication
How should the ordering of citations be done for the same first author?
by year of publication, earliest first
What should be done if the quotation is comprised of fewer than 40 words?
it should be incorporated into the text and enclosed with quotation marks; the page number should be listed after it Example: last word " (CSikai & Chaitin, 2006, p.112).
What should be remembered when alphabetizing surnames?
nothing precedes something Brown, J. R., precedes Browning, A. R.
How should article titles and chapter titles be written?
capitalize only the first word of the title and the subtitle; do not italicize the title or place quotation marks around it.
What are common abbreviations in a reference list?
ed. = edition Rev. ed. = revised edition 2nd ed. = second edition Ed. (Eds.) = Editor (Editors) n.d. = no date p. (pp.) = page (pages) Vol. = Volume No. = Number
What should be done if a reference list includes publications by two or more primary authors with the same surname?
include the first author's initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs.
What should be one if no DOI has been assigned to the content?
provide the home page URL of the journal or of the book or report publisher
How should a reference list be organized?
reference lists should be double spaced and entries must have a hanging indent
What is meant by the surname of the author?
the author's last name
What should be done if a work has no identified author?
the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) should be cited. Use quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter, or a web page, and italicize the title of a periodical, a book, a brochure, or a report. Example: on free care ("Study finds," 2007) Example: the book College Bound Seniors (2008)
self-plagiarism
the practice of presenting one's own previously published work as though it were new
What should be done at the end of a block quotation, which is different from citing anywhere else?
the quoted source and the page or paragraph number should be in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. Example: period. (Purcell, 1997, pp.111-112)
What should be done when a work's author is designated as "anonymous"?
the word Anonymous should be cited in the text, and it should be followed by a comma and the date. Example: (Anonymous, 1998)
For papers and posters presented at meetings, what should be included?
the year and month of the meeting, separated by a comma and enclosed in parentheses
For magazines, newsletters, and newspapers, what should be included in the citation?
the year and the exact date of the publication (month or month and day), separated by a comma and enclosed in parentheses
What is true about personal communications, such as private letters, memos, emails, personal interviews, or telephone conversations?
they should be cited in text only. Give the initials as wells as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible Example: T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)
How should two or more works within the same parentheses be cited?
they should be ordered alphabetically in the same order that they appear in the reference list.
What does APA recommend in regards to DOIs?
to include them when they are available for both print and electronic sources
What are URLs?
uniform resource locators
What should be done when an author has omitted material from an original source?
use three spaced ellipsis points (. . .) within a sentence . Four points should be used to indicated that there has been an omission between two sentences. The first point indicates the period at the end of the first sentence quoted.
How should periodical titles (newspapers, newsletters, magazines) be written?
use uppercase and lowercase letters; italicize the name of the periodical