APES 9.3-9.7

What is CH4?

methane

How will oysters help with increasing water levels?

they absorb the brunt of waves creating a gentle current towards land preventing flooding

What is ocean acidification?

CO2 dissolving into the water, reducing the pH

What are some important greenhouse gases?

CO2, CH4, N2O, CFC's

what causes ocean warming?

Caused by the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere As the atmosphere warms, heat is transferred to the ocean

What's the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration needs oxygen to occur, while anaerobic does not.

what is coral bleaching?

Algae have narrow temperature tolerance and leave reef when temp rises. Coral lose color and become stressed & vulnerable to disease without algae

Impact on the polar ecosystem?

Arctic sea ice loss= loss of habitat Algae grow on ice

Between CO2,CH4, N20 and CFCs has the highest GWP?

CFR's

Impact on atmospheric current

Hadley cells: occur between the equator and 30 degree north and south latitudes Hot air rises and it becomes cool and it circulates If spread then deserts will widen, and if it shrinks then it changes wind patterns

What is a consequence of the increase in greenhouse gases?

Change wind circulation patterns, impact soils viability causing erosion, ph in the ocean decreases because CO2 increase leads to ocean acidification.

What is climate changes impact on the soil?

Changes in temperature and rainfall can impact soil's viability and potentially increase erosion.

What does albedo mean? What color has higher albedo and what color has lower albedo?

Darker colors have lower albedo since they absorb sunlight and release infrared radiation while lighter colors have higher albedo and they reflect sunlight directly back into space.

What is the natural fluctuation in temperature on earth?

Earth's natural fluctuation is a global ice age followed by a warming period. There is a correlation between carbon dioxide and temperature

What's the impact of sea levels rising?

Flooding, loss of species in the ecosystem, thaw-freeze cycle animals depend on ice and water are certain times but if the ice is not there it disrupts the cycle.

How do scientists estimate historic temperatures?

Foraminifera shells in ocean sediments Air bubbles in ice cores (contains CO2) Different isotope concentrations in 18O has higher temperatures

Why are sea levels rising?

GHG increases atmosphere temperature, melting ice sheets, creating liquid water. Thermal expansion water molecules move further apart when it gets hot.

What is the human impact of sea level rise?

Higher flood frequency, saltwater instruction, people forced to move inland.

Why is calcium carbonate important?

Marine organisms that make shells use calcium (Ca+) and carbonate (CO32-) ions to build their calcium carbonate shells

Explain how temperatures rising because of infrastrcture

More roads and surfaces with urbanization there is more sunlight that is absorbed, feedback cycle of less reflection and more absorption.

What is climate changes impact on aquatic biomes

Newly created habitat in now flooded continental shelf Deeper communities may have no sunlight

What is N20?

Nitrous oxide found in agricultural soils through fertilizers

Does all incoming solar radiation reach the earth?

No

Is water vapor a greenhouse gas?

No but there is a relationship with temperature change

How are migratory routes impacted by climate change?

Organisms' migratory and mating seasons are altered •Birds are migrating a little earlier each spring •Organisms in the Arctic are responding to increase in temperature (i.e.eagles migrating a half day earlier each year)

What is the impact of rising temperatures in the polar?

Polar regions warming faster than other areas

What is the impact of raising water temperatures?

Ranges of tolerance changes Warmer water has less oxygen Fish either die out or migrate to cooler water Even if the ocean is cooler some fish depend on freshwater so the salinity level prevents them from leaving

What are the effects of climate change?

Rising temperatures Rising sea levels Melting of permafrost

Impact on ocean ciruclation?

Suppression of thermohaline circulation: the world's ocean water circulates and combines the hot water from the equator while mixing nutrients and salts.

What is global warming potential?

The measure of how much a given molecule of gas can contribute to the warming of the atmosphere based on how long it stays in the atmosphere and how much infrared ration it absorbs.

What is the difference between the natural greenhouse effect and the human enhanced greenhouse effect?

The natural greenhouse effect allows more heat to leave the atmosphere than absorbed while human enhanced greenhouse gas lets less heat to leave the atmosphere and instead trap them.

What is the greenhouse effect?

The process that occurs when gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap the sun's heat.

Do diseases spread easier in warm or cold weather?

Warm

What is the effect of ocean warming on marine life?

Warmer water holds less O2causing respiratory stress or suffocation •Migratory routes and mating seasons can be altered, especially for whales •Reproductive timing, often tied to temperature change, can be disrupted for fish especially •Habitat loss: coral bleaching •Toxic algae blooms

Why is melting permafrost bad?

When they thaw they releases CH4 and CO2 from anaerobic decomposition Air pollution adds soot attracting sunlight reinforcing the problem of warming