Apes ch. 15

One of the worst water mismanagement examples in the world occurred in central Asia and was caused by diverting rivers feeding the fourth largest freshwater body of water in the world. The body of water is the:

Aral Sea

Gray water can _______.

Be used for irrigation of non-edible plants and grasses

Sinkholes are an extreme form of _______

Subsidence

Data indicate that the present rate of freshwater consumption in most developed counties is ___________

Unsustainable

A measure of the density of suspended particles in a water supply

Turbidity

Much of the "biosolids" material that is the end product of a water treatment plant is _________.

Used as crop fertilizer in the United States

Which of the following will contribute to water conservation?

Watering lawns at night, using low-flow faucets, landscaping with native plants

The pair of mallard ducks in the figure eat floating plants such as duckweed, seeds of shoreline plants, and very small organisms at or near the surface. They would be most affected by any change to the ________.

littoral or limnetic zones

Water with high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions

Hard water

At a particular site, the ocean water used for desalination has a salinity of 35 ppt (parts per thousand). If the desalinization was able to remove all of the salt from water, how much salt will be removed in the process of producing 100 liters of fresh water?

3.627 g

Which of the following best describes floodplains?

A region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows

A septic system is __________.

A rural method of handling sewage

Which of the following is one of the major pollutants of groundwater?

Agricultural fields

You want to maintain a healthy pond at your school site. Last year another pond became eutrophic; to avoid that, you want to ________.

Avoid increasing phosphorus in the limnetic zone

Lakes, rivers, and coastal waters are under the protection of which law?

Clean Water Act

Water pollution has _________.

Decreased in the last 30 years in the United States

Distillation and reverse osmosis are methods for which of the following processes?

Desalination

Of the following methods of irrigation, the one that currently conserves the most water is

Drip irrigation

The process of nutrient enrichment, subsequent increased production of organic matter, and eventual ecosystem degradation is known as _______.

Eutrophication

Which of the following phases of the hdydrologic cycle requires the input of solar energy?

Evaporation

The eutrophication that has taken place in the Gulf of Mexico and other locations appears to be due to _______.

Excess nutrients from fertilizers

What is the most common cause of saltwater intrusion into an aquifer?

Excessive draw-down (pumping) of a coastal aquifer

Oxygen depleated zones of the oceans, such as the one at the mouth of the Mississippi River, are most likely caused by

Excessive fertilizers carried into the ocean, which cause algal blooms that lower the oxygen levels

What initial impact could an influx of agricultural waste or maure have on an aquatic ecosystem?

Excessive growth of algae

One-fifth of the Earth's total freshwater supply is in _________.

Groundwater

The extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the "dead zone" represent a condition called ________.

Hypoxia

Why was the irrigation of Soviet cotton farming operations a problem?

It drained the Aral Sea and increased the salt content of soils

The "blue-baby" syndrome that suffocates infants is a consequence of excess ______ in the water supply.

Nitrates

A rainshadow is a dry area on the ________ of a mountain.

Leeward side

What is the purpose of the fecal coliform test?

Monitoring the amount of bacteria form animal intestines in the water

Only about 2.5% of all the water on our planet is freshwater. However, ________.

Most of this is far from where humans live

The world's largest aquifer

Ogallala aquifer

Which of the following best describes the initial ecological consequences of falling water tables? It would result in the loss of _________.

Permanent wetlands

The highest priority of the Clean Water Act is to provide

Policies to attain fishable and swimmable water in the United States

The fish in the lake at the local park are dying. A professor from the local college measures the dissolved oxygen. She wants to check the ________.

Possibility of eutrophication

Which approach to water management is most likely to provide a sustainable supply of high-quality water?

Raising the price of water to reflect actual costs of replenishment

Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

Runoff from city streets

Which of the following is the force responsible for driving the water cycle?

The Sun

Which is correct about the effects of dams?

They increase the amount of water available for human use in the region of the dam

Which of the following teerms describes the addition of water to the atmosphere by plants?

Transpiration

Artificial wetlands can help cleanse water while providing recreational opportunities

True

An artesian well occurs ________.

When a water-bearing layer is trapped between two layers that are less permeable

The primary use of freshwater is for

agriculture

We build dams to ________.

generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation and drinking water

Frog eggs are usually attached to vegetation or rocks near the surface of a pond. Tadpoles can use essentially all areas of a shallow pond, or the top few feet of a deeper pond or lake. Adult frogs can live on land or in the water. A frog's life would be least likely to be disrupted by a change in the _______.

the benthic zone

Rooted freshwater plants cannot live below _______.

the littoral zone