APES CH.14

Large objects, such as sticks and rocks, are screened out and removed during this process.

A

Which of the following components of a wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms?

Activated-sludge tank

Which method introduces microorganisms to break down hazardous organic compounds?

Biological treatment

Repeating the experiment several times and comparing the results

C

Which method would be best suited for neutralizing the acidic components of waste?

Chemical treatment

Which of the following best explains why DDT has been found in penguin eggs in the Antarctic?

Chemicals used in one region of Earth can circulate in the biosphere and affect organisms in a distant region.

This process uses chlorine, ultraviolet radiation, or ozone as part of the disinfection of wastewater.

D

Which of the following best describes why DDT is classified as a persistent organic pollutant?

DDT is very stable, and as much as 50% of the original concentration can remain in the soil 15 years after the initial application.

Based on the diagram, which of the following is an expected consequence of runoff and sewage in an aquatic environment?

Decreased oxygen production by seaweed on the seafloor from an increase in turbidity

Which of the following components, which are not shown on the diagram, are part of the tertiary treatment of wastewater?

Disinfectants

Which of the following characteristically produces non-point-source pollution?

Erosion from agricultural land

If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

Eutrophication

Of the following, which is the best example of a point source of water pollution?

Factory effluent

Which of the following examples includes both a point and a nonpoint source of pollution?

Fertilizer from suburban lawns and wastewater from a water treatment plant

Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes how a malfunctioning air compressor would affect the process of sewage treatment?

Fewer bacteria would be available to absorb dissolved organics in the tank.

Based on the diagram, which of the following is associated with the primary treatment of sewage?

Grit chamber

The presence of which of the following contaminants would be the strongest reason for judging municipal sewage sludge unfit for use as fertilizer?

Heavy metals

Which of the following is a common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication?

Increased levels of plant nutrients

Rachel Carson's contributions to the environmental movement include which of the following?

Increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides

In the removal of a pollutant from wastewater, which of the following is true of the cost per unit of pollutant removed?

It increases as the concentration of the pollutant decreases.

The use of which of the following to control agricultural insect pests is most likely to have a negative and persistent impact on an ecosystem?

Lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon

Chemical compound that can cause algal blooms and cultural eutrophication in streams

Nitrates (NO3-)

Which of the following is a point source pollutant that would likely affect the ecosystem health of a coral reef?

Oil released from the broken hull of a shipwrecked tanker

Which of the following is the best example of a point source pollutant?

Oil tanker spill

Which of the following is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant?

Ozone

Which of the following is the best example of environmental remediation?

PCB-consuming bacteria are sprayed on an area that has soil contaminated with PCBs.

Which of the following best explains why top predators can have up to 60 times as much persistent organic pollutant (POP) as their prey and up to 600 times as much of the pollutant as producers?

POPs accumulate in the body fat of living organisms. POPs increase in concentration as they move up the food chain.

Which of the following best describes a way that persistent organic pollutants (POPsPOPs) cause harm in the environment?

Persistent organic pollutants are soluble in fat, so they accumulate in an organisms' fatty tissues.

Which of the following will result in accelerated eutrophication when introduced into streams, lakes, and bays?

Phosphates

Which of the following strategies will best reduce eutrophication in the Chesapeake Bay?

Regulating the use of inorganic fertilizer in the Susquehanna River watershed

"" Which of the following would best improve the validity of the experiment?

Repeating the experiment several times and comparing the results

Which of the following factors would most likely contribute to the conditions observed in the Long Island Sound?

Restricted circulation

Waste from which of the following is an example of nonpoint source pollution?

Runoff from agricultural fields

Which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters of both developed and developing countries?

Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water

Which of the following best illustrates point-source pollution?

Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

"A laboratory experiment was done to show the effects of organic waste on the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in water. Five tanks were set up, each containing fresh water and a small amount of single-celled green algae. Specified amounts of organic waste were added to the tanks. The results below show the amount of DO in each tank after a period of one week". Why did the DO after one week decrease as the amount of waste increase?

The algae multiplied and then died and decomposed.

In 1986 Country X established regulations to reduce the maximum allowable concentration of chromium in industrial effluents from 37 ppm to 25 ppm. In 1994 government research indicated that a chromium concentration of up to 35 ppm in effluents presented an acceptable risk; in the same year the government also discovered that a certain chemical company had been discharging effluents with chromium concentrations of 32 ppm each year since 1981. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

The chemical company did not violate effluent regulations in the 1982-1985 period, but it violated them at some other time.

Based on the image, which of the following conclusions can best be drawn to describe the conditions in the Long Island Sound?

The sound has large numbers of phytoplankton blooms that are decomposing and consumed by respiring bacteria

Which of the following is true of sewage treatment plants in the United States?

They are not designed to remove pharmaceutical chemicals from wastewater.

"" What is the main purpose of the experiment?

To observe the effect of organic waste on DO

All of the following are commonly used to deal with the side effects of eutrophication in lakes EXCEPT.

adding nitrates

Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

Major anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution include commercial fertilizers, vehicle exhaust, industrial air pollution, and

discharge of sewage to surface waters

Lakes that are characterized by high water clarity and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients are classified as

oligotrophic

In August of 2014, residents of several Ohio cities that use Lake Erie as a drinking water source were warned not to drink tap water because of the presence of toxins released by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Which of the following is the most likely cause of recent blooms of blue-green algae in Lake Erie?

Phosphorus contained in agricultural runoff