APES Ch19 Test

Which of the following energy sources is considered nonrenewable? A) fossil fuel energy B) sunlight (solar) energy C) geothermal energy D) tidal energy E) wind energy

a) fossil fuel energy

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) ________. A) functions to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil B) strives to develop technologies to conserve nonrenewable energy resources C) protects their national members' petroleum reserves for their own use D) functions as a military alliance to protect developed nations' energy reserves E) strives to ensure that developing nations get their fair share of fossil fuels

a) functions to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil

Natural gas is primarily composed of ________. A) methane B) oxygen C) nitrite D) nitrogen E) sulfur dioxide

a) methane

Many developed nations have their economies closely tied to imported fossil fuels. One important consideration for those nations is that ________. A) their economy can be disrupted by the events and decisions made in fuel exporting nations B) their economy will only improve if the price of fossil fuels increases C) as supplies decrease, fossil fuels decline in price D) if energy conservation is put into place, the cost of fossil fuels will decrease E) if energy conservation is put into place, the cost of fossil fuels will increase

a) their economy can be disrupted by the events and decisions made in fuel exporting nations

Energy can be conserved by ________. A) using cogeneration in power plants, fuel efficient transportation, and reengineered lightbulbs and appliances B) using cogeneration in automobiles, especially in SUVs C) replacing compact florescent with tungsten bulbs D) replacing mass transit with more and larger roads for cars and trucks E) repealing the law of entropy

a) using co generation in power plants, fuel efficient transportation, and re engineered light bulbs and appliances

Solar radiation makes several other energy sources possible, including ________. A) wind energy B) tidal energy C) geothermal energy D) hydrothermal energy E) nuclear energy

a) wind energy

________ has more natural gas reserves than any other country. A) The United States B) Russia C) Brazil D) Djibouti E) Saudi Arabia

b) Russia

the world's most abundant fossil fuel is ______. a) biodiesel b) coal c) oil d) natural gas e) methane

b) coal

The oil spill resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster ________. A) is considered a minor incident compared to other oil spills B) is the largest accidental oil spill in world history, causing damage to marine and coastal ecosystems C) resulted in a permanent ban on all offshore drilling in U.S. coastal waters D) eclipsed all non-point oil spills by 500% E) was quickly cleaned up preventing loss of wildlife and damage to fisheries

b) is the largest accidental oil spill in world history, causing damage to marine and coastal ecosystems

Natural gas ________. A) primary component is octane B) produces less carbon dioxide per energy unit than coal or oil C) discovered by M. King Hubbert in 1885 D) will be depleted by 2030 at current usage rates E) is transported primarily by truck and rail

b) produces less carbon dioxide per energy unit than coal or oil

The primary energy source that is most used in the United States for production of electricity is ________. A) water power B) nuclear power C) coal D) natural gas

c) coal

Oil shale deposits ________. A) can be pumped from underground reservoirs like conventional crude oil B) are only a tiny fraction of the U.S. and Canadian potential oil reserves C) contain organic kerogen which can be processed into petroleum D) have been too expensive to extract and use as energy resources E) are concentrated in the Middle East

c) contain organic kerogen which can be processed into petroleum

Instead of only generating more electricity, rising energy demands may also be met by ________. A) switching from natural gas to coal B) switching from coal and natural gas to windmills and solar technologies C) increasing the efficiency of energy consumption D) using more nuclear power instead of fossil fuels E) building more coal-burning power plants

c) increasing the efficiency of energy consumption

The Keystone XL pipeline ________. A) carries petroleum from northern Alaska to the Gulf of Alaska B) carries natural gas from gas fields near Keystone, South Dakota, to the eastern United States C) is a hotly debated pipeline that would carry petroleum from Canada to the southern United States D) is a hotly debated oil pipeline that would pass through Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona E) would allow Canada to import more oil from Brazil

c) is a hotly debated pipeline that would carry petroleum form Canada to the southern United States

One of the problems with finding new fossil fuel deposits in developing countries is that________. A) it is very expensive to transport the deposit elsewhere B) those countries tend to keep the resource for themselves, not sharing with other countries C) multinational companies often move in to harvest the new deposit, and very little money or resource remains in the country D) their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without meeting expensive environmental regulations E) their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without imposing huge taxes to fund new social benefits for the country

c) multinational companies often move in to harvest the new deposit, and very little money or resource remains in the country

Renewable energy includes all of the following except ________. A) the sun B) the wind C) natural gas D) rain E) geothermal heat

c) natural gas

the most cleanly burning fossil fuel available, producing the least pollutants, is ________. a) coal b) kerosene c) natural gas d) nuclear energy e) petroleum

c) natural gas

Alaskans benefit from the trans-Alaska pipeline because Alaska's state constitution requires approximately 25% of state revenues associated with the oil industry to be placed into a monetary fund called the Permanent Fund, which ________. A) is placed into fuel company pockets to reduce environmental damage B) pays for education of native Alaskans through scholarships C) pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents D) is divided equally among the politicians in the state for running their offices E) is used for social infrastructure, such as hospitals, roads, and schools

c) pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents

Scientists search for fossil fuels in many ways. Sending a sound wave into the ground and measuring its return to the surface at receiving stations is called ________ surveying. A) dynamite B) destructive C) seismic D) sonar E) geologic

c) seismic

Secondary extraction of petroleum ________. A) occurs immediately after primary extraction B) is less expensive than primary extraction C) uses solvents, water, or steam D) allows the oil to be extracted to the last drop E) causes less environmental damage than tertiary extraction

c) uses solvent, water, or steam

U.S. oil production ________. A) peaked in 1970 B) is sufficient to meet national needs, thanks to major conservation efforts C) will peak in 2100, requiring for the first time imports to meet growing demand D) is now high enough for us to export nearly 50% of our oil E) has to fit the quotas imposed by OPEC

c) will peak in 2100, requiring for the first time imports to meet growing demand

Carbon sequestration ________. A) has been used by U.S. electrical plants since 1955, converting carbon dioxide to limestone B) involves capturing carbon emissions and then releasing them into the stratosphere C) has proved to be more dangerous to the environment than releasing carbon emissions D) involves converting carbon dioxide gas to a liquid form for storage in the ocean or underground E) converts carbon from carbon dioxide emissions into smaller elements that do not contribute to global climate change

d) involves converting carbon dioxide gas to a liquid form for storage in the ocean or underground

In the United States, ________ is the leading source of energy. A) wood B) natural gas C) coal D) oil E) nuclear

d) oil

Energy conservation in the United States ________. A) can be accomplished only through changes in environmental laws B) is unlikely to ever occur C) can be accomplished by changes in tax laws D) will be a reality only if there is another major war E) can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption

e) can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption

When assessing energy resources, it is helpful to use a measure called EROI, which is ________. A) energy returned minus energy invested B) energy returned plus energy invested C) amount of energy invested minus heat released into the environment D) money invested in extraction and processing minus income from sales E) energy returned divided by energy invested

e) energy returned divided by energy invested

Natural gas is ________. A) trapped over some cities for commercial use B) only produced by bacteria during decomposition C) more damaging to the environment than coal when extracted D) still much more expensive than other fossil fuels E) often associated with coal and petroleum deposits

e) often associated with coal and petroleum deposits

The energy bill passed by the U.S. Congress in 2007 ________. A) primarily focused on major new policies for conservation and for development of renewable energy sources B) primarily focused on taxing polluters and those who profit from the fossil fuel industry C) will, according to analysts, allow us to import only 25% of our oil instead of 60% D) mandates the rapid development of all remaining fossil fuel resources as quickly as possible E) raised the CAFE standard to 35 mpg for vehicles by the year 2020

e) raised the CAFE standard to 35 mpg for vehicles by the year 2020

Crude oil is ________. A) composed of three different hydrocarbon molecules B) usable in its raw form C) formed less than 100 yards below the surface; in deeper places with more pressure, coal is formed D) formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances E) refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products

e) refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products