apes chapter 5 & 6

3 mechanisms that contribute to evolution

1. random processes 2. artificial selection 3. natural selection

a mosquito lives for about ___ and can have ___ offspring in that time

2 months; 2000 offspring

percent change formula

N-O/O x 100

a species such as the sea or beaver that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is

a keystone species

a large forest area is fragmented into small forest tracts separated by agricultural areas this change will most likely lead to...

a decrease in the gene flow within a species of the original forest

exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk, which is neither helped nor harmed by the moss

commensalism

exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites

competition

the concept that 2 species cannot occupy the same ecological niche

competitive exclusion principle

what is an example of artificial selection

corn seeds for future crops are chosen only from the plants with sweeter, larger, kernels

what is the potential abiotic range in which an organism is capable of surviving when not figuring in competition

fundamental niche

where on earth is species richness the greatest

in the intertropical convergence zone

exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

mutualism

organisms that can only thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions; these organisms tend to fall victim to extinction

niche specialist

exemplified by ticks on a deer

parasitism

population density formula

population/area

examples of survivorship curve inside to outside order

rats birds humans

members of an r-selected species characteristically

reach sexual maturity quickly

type pf succession when soil is already there

secondary

what characteristics of an island would cause it to have the greatest species richness and evenness?

the largest island that is closest to the mainland

arrangement of territorial animals such as penguins with their chicks

uniform