APES Chapter 8-10 Test Prep

Food insecurity is the condition in which people live in hunger or fear of starvation. Where are the two regions in the world with the greatest food insecurity? a. South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa b. Indonesia and Southern Africa c. Eastern Asia and Saharan Africa d. Egypt and the area adjacent to the Aral Sea e. Micronesia and the Kalahari Desert

A

"The poor stay poor, not because they're lazy but because they have no access to capital." This statement by economist Milton Friedman provides the philosophical basis for: a. microcredit b. pronatalists c. self-employment d. socio-economic class distinctions e. food insecurity

A.

Populations that are growing at their intrinsic rate of increase: a. exhibit exponential growth b. exhibit logistic growth c. mutate rapidly d. have no impact on their environment e. double in size every year

A.

The countries with the greatest food shortages have some of the: a. highest total fertility rates (TFR's)This answer is correct. b. lowest foreign debt c. highest average levels of education d. lowest food insecurities e. fastest economic developments

A.

The country that is predicted to have the greatest population in the next few decades is: a. India b. Thailand c. U.S. d. Mexico e. China

A.

Which of the following is true regarding the susceptibility of large cities (population size above 5 million) to damage caused by global climate change? a. they are extremely vulnerable, because of their close proximity to coastlines b. they are not vulnerable, because many of them are located in the northern hemisphere c. they are extremely vulnerable, because many of them are located in arid climates d. they are not vulnerable, because most of them are located in areas forecasted to experience little, if any, future change in climate e. they are not vulnerable, because they are protected by extensive infrastructure

A.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between economics and population growth is true? a. Economic growth in developing countries would profit from slower population growth. b. The debt burden in developing countries is not affecting economic development. c. Economic development does not affect population growth. d. If a country's standard of living is to increase, then its population growth must decrease to almost zero. e. Population growth has no effect on economic development.

A.

A brownfield is an urban area of: a. parking lot pavement that collects heat during the day and emits heat at night b. abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses, and residential sites that may be contaminated from past uses c. meadows that are earmarked for industrial development d. vacant house lots that are overgrown with weeds and vegetation e. sports arenas for baseball, football, and soccer

B.

All of the following are considered a part of a city's infrastructure except: a. water treatment plants b. department stores c. prisons d. garbage trucks e. roads

B.

An age structure diagram shaped like a pyramid is characteristic of a country with: a. a population crash b. an increasing population growth rate c. a population at its carrying capacity d. a decreasing population growth rate e. a steady rate of population growth

B.

In the fourth demographic stage (postindustrial stage) of the demographic transition the population will stabilize: a. at the carrying capacity of the environment b. at a population larger than before the transition, but with very slow or no growth c. at a rate of growth that is higher than before the transition d. at a size close to the original before the transition e. at a size much smaller than the original population

B.

Increasing education results in a decrease in total fertility, primarily by: a. accelerating marriage age b. delaying the age at which women have their first child c. decreasing access to contraceptives d. decreasing the economic standing of childless individuals e. leading to a greater understanding of traditional and religious beliefs

B.

The process in which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities is termed: a. metropolitan relocation b. urbanization c. high density accommodation d. municipality magnetism e. rural redistribution

B.

Which of the following equations accurately represents population growth? a. r = (b + d) ÷ (i + e) b. r = (b + i) - (d + e) c. r = (b + d) - (i + e) d. none of these are accurate e. r = (b - d) ÷ (e - i)

B.

Which of the following factors is density-dependent? a. extreme cold, or moderate cold at an especially critical time of year b. disease c. severe storms d. fire in a grassland biome e. drought

B.

Which of the following is not an environmental consequence of urban land development and suburban sprawl? a. Increased demand on natural energy sources b. Air and water pollution c. Increased runoff of fertilizer d. Increased use of natural resources e. Loss of land and biodiversity

C

An improving socioeconomic condition of a country is generally correlated with: a. increased death rate and decreased population growth rate b. increased birth rate and increased population growth rate c. decreased birth rate and decreased population growth rate d. decreased birth rate and increased population growth rate e. decreased death rate and increased population growth rate

C.

Urban heat islands affect local air current and weather conditions including: 1) increased number of thunderstorms over cities in summer months 2) lingering dust domes over cities 3) stronger natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes 4) extreme cold temperatures in the winter and record setting heat in summer a. 2 b. 1 c. Both 1 and 2 d. 4 e. 3

C.

What is the doubling time for a population if the annual growth rate is 5%? a. 5 years b. 1.4 years c. 14 years d. 10 years e. cannot be determined from this information

C.

Which of the following feature is typical of K-selected species? a. short life span b. no parental care invested in the offspring c. do not produce a large number of offspring d. small body size e. early maturity

C.

Which of the following is not a reason for high fertility rates? a. high infant mortality rateThis answer is incorrect. b. economic and societal roles of children c. educating women d. religious pressures e. desire for more male children

C.

Which of the following populations would have a growth rate of zero? a. b = 100, d =50, i =0, e =100 b. b = 100, d =50, i =75, e =100 c. b = 100, d =50, i =50, e =100 d. b = 100, d =50, i =100, e =100 e. b = 100, d =50, i =150, e =100

C.

A patchwork of undeveloped and developed tracts around the edges of cities that contain a low population density is considered: a. green architecture b. sustainable development c. smart growth d. suburban sprawl e. compact development

D

Urban ecologists study urban trends and patterns in the context of four variables (POET) referring to: a. pain & suffering, overt crime rate, employment, and trades b. poverty, overcrowding, education, and traffic c. politics, options, ecosystems, and travel d. population, organization, environment, and technology e. pollution, opportunity, emigration, and transportation

D.

Which of the following is not a reason people began to move from rural to urban areas? a. Housing b. Jobs c. Food d. More space e. Healthcare

D.

Cities affect rainfall by: I. covering the rainfall-absorbing soil with buildings and roads, called impervious surfaces. II. creating runoff from dust domes. III. discharging runoff contaminated with motor oil, animal wastes, fertilizer, and heavy metals. a. I b. II c. III d. I and II e. I and III

E.

If and when the human population reaches zero population growth, which of the following will be true? a. (i - e) = 0 b. r > 1 c. (i - e) > 0.01 d. (b - d) > 0.01 e. r = 0

E.

Which of the following does not apply to family planning measures in Mexico? a. social workers are trained in family planning b. improved health services to improve infant mortality rates c. multimedia campaigns, including soap operas d. public school curriculum includes population education e. measures have not been effective, and total fertility rate has stayed constant over the past 30 years

E.

Which of the following historical event(s) have led to movement of people into cities? 1) development of subsistence farming 2) the American Revolution 3) the Industrial Revolution 4) a search for jobs associated with natural resource extraction a. 1 b. 3 c. Both 2 and 4 d. 4 e. 2

E.

Which of the following is false about habitat fragmentation? a. Caused by humans altering the land b. Results in small spatially separated land areas c. Reduces the ability of plants to reproduce d. Increases the risk of harm to animals that must travel between patches of land e. Increased genetic diversity

E.

Which of the following organisms would be predicted to have the lowest intrinsic rate of increase? a. bacteria b. cats c. cockroaches d. mice e. whales

E.

The maximum number of individuals of a given species that a particular environment can support for an indefinite period, assuming there are no changes in the environment is called its: a. intrinsic rate of increase b. environmental resistance c. demography d. sustainability e. carrying capacity

e.