Apes final 1,2,3,4,5,9

an experiment was carried out to determine the lethal dose of ammonium sulfate on mung bean germination. True statements about the experiment design include which of the following

( 2 and 3) the independent variable is the concentration of ammonium sulfate. the dependent variable is the number of seeds that failed to germinate.

which of the following statements about the role of carbon dioxide I the carbon cycle are true

(3 only) the primary nonanthropogenic source of carbon dioxide is outgassing from the Earths interior

which of the following annual population growth rates is paired with the correct doubling time

2%... 35 years

the terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram above vary in the net primary productivity. the explanation for the variation includes which of the following

(one and two only) temperature and precipitation

burning a gallon of gas releases 20 pounds of co2. one person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 30 miles per gallon while another person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 20mpg. over the course of the 60,000 miles how many fewer pounds of co2 are released by the 30 mpg car than the 20 mpg car

20,000

the net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000kcal/m2 per year. if respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem in kcal/m2 per year

20,000

How many kcal will become incorporated in the tissues of the tertiary consumers?

500

if there are 500,000kcals in the producer level how many will become incorporated I in the tissues of the secondary consumers

5000

the form of nitrogen that plants can use directly

Nitrates

a large forested area is fragmented into small forests tracts separated by agricultural areas. this change will most likely lead to

a decrease in the gene flow within species of the original forest

which of the following statements is not consistent with tragedy of the commons

a free market economy based on capitalism does not contribute to tragedy of the commons

the are effect of the equilibrium theory of island biography suggests that

a number of species increases with the size of the island all else being equal, larger islands contain more species

the second law of thermodynamics relates to living organisms because it explains why

all living things must have a constant supply of energy in the form of food

which of the following would be most likely to increase competition among the members of a squirrel populations in a stupid bitch-ass ****ing given area

an increase in the reproduction of squirrels

the distinct building blocks of matter Is

atoms

a field is abandoned and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient poor soil moves into the field, if the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered at the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusions could be best made

bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds

all of the following are negative externalities except

bees pollinating vegetables in addition to creating honey

a chain is dragged across the seafloor pulling a huge net behind. a single pass of this net can remove up to a quarter of sea floor life. repeated passes can remove nearly all seafloor life, including sessile animals and many species of fish and marine invertebrates. this type of fishing is?

bottom trawling/dredging

elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include

carbon and sulfur (1 & 3 only)

which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles nature

carbon sinks include forests and ocean

Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

commensalism

an alpine area of a national park near a trail is normally covered by plants but much of the area is now

comparing plant survivorship in areas where hikers stay on the trail with plant survivorship in the area where hikers leave the trail.

exemplified by starlings displacing blue birds for nesting sites

competition

subjects that receive no change variable

control group

a possible explanation of observations

data

fact collected by making observations

data

the consumer group represented by the perpendicular bar labeled "Y" is known as the

decomposers

the chemical actions that produce compost would best be described as

decomposition

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level

deer

which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons

depletion of fishing stocks in the north america

which of the following is an example of a carbon sink

deposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor

The annual productivity of any ecosystem is greater than the annual increase in biomass of the herbivores in the ecosystem because

during each energy transformation some energy is lost

the consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests and mountainous areas of central America are examples of

ecosystem services

all of the following statements are true EXCEPT

energy and matter can generally be converted into each other

which of the following phases of the water cycle requires the input of solar energy

evaporation

biodiversity is a direct result of which of the following

evolution

which of the following best describes changes in the genetic compositions of a population over many generations

evolution

contains the chosen variable that is changed in a known way

experimental group

which of the following can be used to asses the biological in an area

genetic variation within each species and number of species present

the use of nitrogen based fertilizers in the midwestern U.S. is a major contributing factor to which of the following

hypoxia in the gulf of mexico

which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics

in a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed but merely changed from one form to another

Rachel Carson's contributions to the environment movement include which of the following

increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides

5 islands, abcde differ only in distance from the main land area and species diversity. which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity

island b, 50, 1xten6

which of the following is a negative impact of overfishing a particular species of edible fish

loss of so many fish that there is no longer a breeding stock and the removal of nontarget species and the reduction of other species that rely on the edible species as food.

which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of environment affecting abiotic components of the environment

low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation

open oceans produce the largest share of earths biomass because the net primary productivity of the ocean is

low, but the large expanse of the oceans support enormous numbers of producers

a major sink for phosphorus is

marine sediments

vegetarianism is often sided as a partial solution to the growing problems of deforestation in other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is

more people can be fed using less ag land because vegetarians eat at a lower trophic level

Exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest

mutualism

in which stage of the nitrogen cycle do soil bacteria covert ammonium ions into nitrate ions, a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants

nitrification

which of the following is a trace element necessary for plant growth

nitrogen

acid deposition on soil kills beneficial bacteria, which of the following cycles would be most effected by the loss of bacteria

nitrogen cycling

the major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following

nitrogen= atmosphere & Sulfur= rocks

biological reserves are areas that allow countries to set aside critical habitats to ensure the survival of species

overgrazing of public land by privately owned live stock is an example of the tragedy of the commons

exemplified by ticks feeding on deer

parasitism

which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary production in fresh water lakes

phosphorus

in august of 2014 residents of several Ohio cities that use lake Erie as a drinking water source were warned not to drink tap water... which of the following most likely caused recent blooms of blue green algae

phosphorus contained In ag runoff

all of the following increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere except

photosynthesis

the 2 major processes involved in the carbon cycle are

photosynthesis and respiration

which of the following best shows the process of evolution

population of mosquitoes develops resistance to pesticides

in general, which of the following, is the best long term method of preventing extinctions

protecting habitats of endangered species

Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following?

reduce in apecies diversity

if the interrelationship of rabbits and coyotes were once in balance, what is the most probably explanation for the decline of coyotes

removal by human beings

salinization is a process that makes soil less productive because

removes essential soil nutrients

a long term storage of phosphorus and sulfur is in which of the following forms

rocks

which of the following is the best example of a keystone species

seaotter

phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few feet of most bodies of water because

sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water

losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following

the 2nd law of thermodynamics

which of the following describes the amount of energy that plants passed on to herbivores

the NPP

the one area that does not store a lot of phosphorus

the atmosphere

consumers who get their elecricity from coalfired power plants are not paying for most of the energy production in their monthly utility bills. Which is true about utility bills for consumers

the bills do not include public health costs

if the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had adversely affected by adjacent development

the biodiversity of pond has decreased

the maximum number of a species that can be sustained in an ecosystem

the carrying capacity

which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has recently been clear-cut

the concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase

the most probable reason for the increase in the rabbit population after 1950 was

the coyote population declined drastically

construction of a solar power plant is proposed for a desert near a school. a student has hypothesized that the shade cast by the solar panels will increase the mortality of creosote bush. before construction begins what experiment data should the student collect in order to test the hypothesis

the direct sunlight received by the creosote bush in the desert areas during a 12 month period

the biggest stores of carbon are found in these sinks

the ocean floor and continents

the human population problem can be summarized as the following

the rapidly increasing population underlies all environmental problems and the human population is doubling every few decades but human effects on the environment are growing at even faster rates and in the past 35 years the population has more than doubled. (A B & C are true)

which of the following can be estimated from the sample for the invertibrates in the pond

the species richness

the ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystems is

the sun

a well tested and widely accepted idea, principle, or model

theory

the process in the water cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called

transpiration

which of the following fishing techniques is the most damaging to ocean bottom ecosystems

trawling

which of the following is a measure of the amount of suspended material in water

turbidity

which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons

water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the gulf of mexico