APES

Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?

1,000kg

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000 kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which is most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

150 kcal

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?

200kilocalories/meter2/year

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.

Gross primary productivity

Which of the following best describes GROSS primary productivity in the ecosystem

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis overtime

What would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water)?

Intertidal zones

Which of the following best describes the NET primary productivity of an ecosystem

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy last through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems?

Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are then consumed by organisms higher in the food chain.

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by anthropogenic activity?

Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community?

Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption.

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

Which of the following best explains why the different warbler species can all have habitats in the same conifer trees?

Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

Savanna

Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?

The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle?

The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil.

Farmers in a suburban coastal town started using no-till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image above to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland.

There will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean.

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?

Tropical rain forest

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?

Tropical rain forest

Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?

Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark.

Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity?

Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight

Based on the diagram, which of the following statements about the hydrologic cycle is true?

Water from the ocean evaporates and condenses in the atmosphere.

The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?

atmosphere

Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?

bacteria

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles includes the processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis

carbon cycle

Which of the following smaller reservoirs of freshwater are missing from the diagram?

ice caps

Example of carbon source

ocean

This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.

rivers

Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?

If a primary producer stores 10,000kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10kcal of energy available.

This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.

cellular respiration

This biome is found in shallow waters off the coastline and is Earth's most biologically diverse marine biome.

coral reefs

Based on the diagram above, which process most directly results in the storage of carbon as coal and oil over millions of years?

decomposition

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

desert

Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?

flow of energy

This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.

freshwater wetlands

Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web?

killer whale

In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?

mutualism

The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.

net primary productivity

The diagram above best illustrates major processes in which of the following biogeochemical cycles?

phosphorus cycle

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain?

phytoplankton

Based on the data shown in the graph, when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest?

One to four years after the volcanic eruption

Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers

nitrogen fixation

Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram?

sun

What represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time

vegetation