APES Quiz 1/27

Seafood is an important part of the human diet in many parts of the world. Seafood is harvested from different sources. Based on the graph, identify the range of years in which approximately all seafood produced in Chile was wild caught.

1960-1990

The graph above shows the decline in the catch of groundfish (such as cod, haddock, and flounder) from Georges Bank from 1965 to 1995. This decline in the fish harvest resulted in the closure of large portions of the fishery. Identify the five-year period during which the greatest rate of decline in the fish harvest took place.

1965-1970

Which of the following is the best example of a tragedy of the commons?

Accumulation of plastic particles in the Pacific ocean.

Which of the following statements best describes the most unsustainable method of clear-cutting forests to harvest timber?

All of the trees in a forest are cut down and removed in one operation.

For the time period that you identified in the previous question, calculate the rate of decline in the fish harvest, in metric tons per year. Hint: You will have to first figure out the difference in metric tons between the first year and the final year that you identified. You will then need to divide that number by 5.

Approximately 100,000 metric tons/year

Which of the following best describes why aquaculture has grown considerably in several parts of the world?

Aquaculture fisheries provide a larger and more consistent quantity of fish year-round than do wild fisheries.

Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture?

Contamination of local surrounding water by organic waste

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of an aquifer (groundwater source) by regional farmers

Which of the statements below are true about the graph above (more than one answer is possible)?

Per capita meat consumption in the U.S. has risen since 1960. Per capita meat consumption in the world has risen since 1960 Per capita meat consumption in the world has doubled since 1960.

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

One example of the tragedy of the commons occurs when trees are harvested from tropical rain forests without any regulations. Which of the following best describes why this is an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Timber producers remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to

eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting methods, therefore ensuring fish populations remain stable and reducing the amount bycatch harvested

Coal was surface mined from five sites, labeled 1 through 5, that had originally been covered by forest. Each site was planted with a mix of tree seedlings to reclaim the area to forest. Grass was also seeded over each site to prevent initial erosion and to provide forage. Ten years after planting, information was collected at the five sites and is given in the table below. Select the letter of the row that indicates the site with the most successful forest reclamation.

E, has the largest tree covering

The graph shows the worldwide catch of orange roughy, a type of wild caught fish, in tons, from 1977 to 2011. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following fishing practice solutions would best promote the sustainability of the orange roughy population?

Establishment of quotas on the number of orange roughy caught

What are the two main components of the human diet?

Grains and Meat

True or False. Optimizing for the self in the short term isn't optimal for anyone in the long term.

True

It has been observed that forest fires can produce up to 40 percent of the mean annual global emissions of which of the following gases?

carbon dioxide

The table below shows fish harvest data from United States commercial fisheries in 2011, 2012, and 2013. Fish landings are defined as the total catch of marine fish that are brought into ports for sale. Bycatch refers to the unwanted fish and other marine organisms that are caught during commercial fishing operations, but are not harvested or sold. Calculate the percent of the total catch of all fish in 2012 that was bycatch?

9%

Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?

Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round.

Seafood is an important part of the human diet in many parts of the world. Seafood is harvested from different sources. Based on the graph, describe the trend in production from aquaculture in Chile between 1995 and 2010.

Aquaculture production is increasing at a fairly steady rate.

The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequence of which of the following agricultural practices?

Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock

What is the key feature to the tragedy of the commons?

It provides opportunity for an individual to benefit themselves while spreading out negative effects across the larger population.

Define "maximum sustainable yield."

Maximum sustainable yield is the maximum amount of a resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource.

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.

Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the

Tragedy of the commons

What have humans done in order to save ourselves from our own individual impulses?

elected governments formed social contracts made communal agreements passed laws

What is the #1 reason for dietary problems and/or lack of access to quality food?

poverty

Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

selectively cutting small groups of medium- and large- sized trees in forests.

Overusing antibiotics has led to...

the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. the treatment of illness. none of these short term gains in livestock production.

The farming of fish such as salmon at aquaculture facilities poses a threat to marine ecosystems because

the farmed fish can escape and outcompete wild fish for food and territory