APES review 3
In 2007 in the United States there were approximately 480 cars for every 1,000 people. The total number of cars in the United States in 2007 was closest to
150,000,000
The combustion of one gallon of automobile fuel produces about 5 pounds of carbon (in CO2). Two autos are making a trip of 600 miles. The first auto gets 20 miles per gallon, and the second gets 30 miles per gallon. Approximately how much less carbon (in CO2) will be produced by the second auto on this trip?
50 lbs
The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories of human consumption?
Acres for Grazing Cattle 0 Acres for Growing Corn 100
Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating effects of soil salinization?
Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts
Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating the effects of soil salinization?
Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts
Which of the following would be the strongest evidence in support of a scientists contention that a local area was experiencing acid deposition?
An increase in the concentrations of a soluble heavy metal in a local pond
The amount of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river system is likely to be increased by the process of which of the following?
Artificial Levees and embankments
Country with the greatest percentage of land area affected by desertification
Australia
Which layer of soil often contains Aluminum, humus, iron, and clay leached from higher soil layers
B Horizon
Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?`
Biomagnification
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is produced by domestic livestock?
CH4
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons?
Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers
At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size?
Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis
Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?
Drop irrigation
Of the following, which constitutes the greatest percent of domestic use of water in the United States?
Flushing toilets
controversies over the use Of GMOs in food production include all of the following except
GMOs have increased the yield of crops per unit area of cultivated land
Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true?
Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.
Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following?I. storage of water for agricultural and domestic useII. controlling floods upstreamIII. production of renewable energy
I and III only
Which of the following are strategies that governments, manufacturers, and individuals are currently using to reduce household water use?I. Individuals install and use gray water systems.II. Manufacturers design more water efficient appliances.III. Government agencies provide incentives for native landscaping. IV. Government regulations limit water use through water meter controls.
I. Individuals install and use gray water systems.II. Manufacturers design more water efficient appliances.III. Government agencies provide incentives for native landscaping.I, II, and III
Irrigation can result in which of the following environmental problems?I. reduction of evaporation ratesII. accumulation of salts in soilIII. waterlogging of soil and plant roots
II and III only
The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart?
Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.
Which of the following examples would NOT be an example of environmental remediation?
Laying down sandbags and other barriers around a pond to keep runoff from construction project from entering it
Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion?
No-till agriculture
Which of the following is the best example of environmental remediation?
PCB-consuming bacteria are sprayed on an area that has soil contaminated with PCBs
Leachate contamination of groundwater is a serious problem associated with sanitary landfills. How does leachate contamination happen?
Rainfall through landfill draws toxic substances into soil and groundwater
According to the information in the graph above, which of the following would most effectively slow the loss of arable land?
Reducing urban development
Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and acid deposition problems?
Reducing use of fossil fuels
Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following?
Reduction in species diversity
An integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following?
Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level
Which of the following is most likely to increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water?
Runoff from a nearby hog farm
Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in which of the following?
Saltwater intrusion
The practice of harvesting tress in a way that moves a forest stand toward an uneven-aged or all aged condition or "structure" is known as
Selecting cutting
Which of the following is a disadvantage of mono-cropping?
Soil Depletion and Crops are more vulnerable to attacks by pests
Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?
The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.
Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?
The development of new strains of crops with higher yields
The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following?
The water is contaminated with animal waste.
Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?
Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.
All of the following are commonly used to deal with the side effects of eutrophication in lakes EXCEPT
adding nitrates
Which of the following statements about aqueducts is CORRECT?
aqueducts designed as open canals can lose a lot of water via evaporation
farmers who practice organic agriculture have less of an impact on the environment than the farmer who practice industrial agriculture because they
avoid pesticide and synthetic fertilizer
Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat
beef
Some toxic chemicals, such as those in DDT, can be stored in the fat tissue of animals. As these animals become food for larger and larger animals, the amount of the toxin gets larger and larger. This process is called
biomagnification
which soil type would hold water for the longest period of time?
clay
which of the following is NOT an advantage of aquaculture?
contamination of local bodies of water from large amounts of wastewater
which of the following is NOT part of integrated pest management?
crop rotation
Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by
cutting small groups of medium- and large- sized trees in uneven-aged forests
sustainable agriculture or low-input agriculture is one of the key tools necessary to reduce hunger and malnutrition which reducing the environmental effects of agriculture. Strategies for implementing components of this system include all of the following except
decrease the use of perennial crops
The increase in soil with high sand content and very dry ecosystems is the result of
desertification
Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are
erosion and desertification
all of the following are examples of sustainable agriculture practices except...
excessive fertilizing
concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can best be described as
facilities where a large number of animals are housed and fed in a confined space
which of the following is NOT a water conservation technique?
flood irrigation
which of the following lists of agricultural irrigation techniques is in the correct order, from least efficient to most efficient?
furrow, flood, spray, drip
The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water
has been contaminated by untreated human or animal waste
which of the following is most likely to be the direct results of LACK of genetic diversity in a food crops such as corn?
increased susceptibility to plant disease
Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following EXCEPT
increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein
no till agriculture has all of the following effects EXCEPT
increasing the need for fertilizers
Which of the following statements about surface water is NOT correct?
levees are used to make reservoirs
As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to
loss of recharge area
which of the following is the best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high?
on floodplains, soil tends to be nutrient-rich and ertile due to may years of floods depositing organic sediment
The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is
overfishing
When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to
oxidation of carbon compounds
In the US, the largest component of municipal solid waste is?
paper
The water holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?
pesticide
The pollutant found in the largest amount in agriculture runoff is
soil
Key crops involved in the green revolution include all of the following except
sweet potatoes
An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown in the graph above. A likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time is
the survival of increasing numbers of resistant insects
Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the
tragedy of the commons
A sustainable society would emphasize
using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter