Apes unit 5

Which of the following is an example of an industrial practice that contributes to the tragedy of the commons?

Burning fossil fuels for energy production

Based on the data above, which of the following time periods are insect pests most detrimental to the soybean crops?

Early May through mid-September

Which of the following is an unintended consequence associated with waterlogging caused by flood irrigation?

Higher water tables

Which of the following statements best describes the most unsustainable method of clear-cutting forests to harvest timber?

All of the trees in a forest are cut down and removed in one operation.

Which of the following statements best describes an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture fish-farm enclosures located in estuaries?

Aquaculture enclosures can harbor parasites that can negatively affect wild populations that breed in estuaries.

Which of the following would be considered an advantage of increased urban sprawl?

As individuals move out of urban areas to nearby suburbs, the population densities of cities will decrease, reducing the spread of infectious disease.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table?

Chicken meat requires less water per kilocalorie than cow meat does.

Various nations have adopted policies designed to combat overfishing. Which of the following approaches is commonly used to combat the problem of overfishing?

Enforcing minimum-size requirements for the capture of some commercial species

Aquaculture or fish farming can be used to increase the availability of species like salmon and shrimp for consumption. Although fish farming can have a number of negative environmental effects, it does offer a number of advantages. Which of the following is a valid reason for promoting the use of fish farms?

Fish production is constant, and fish farming reduces pressure on wild stocks.

After intensive logging, most of the trees along a stream have been removed. Which of the following water quality changes would most likely occur downstream after logging?

Increased water temperature

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Which of the following would decrease with the manufacture, application, and use of synthetic fertilizers rather than organic fertilizers?

Recycling of organic matter

Which of the following best describes the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

The aim of large logging operations in tropical rain forests is economic gain, rather than sustainability. Therefore, the shared resources in the forest could become depleted.

Which of the following is an assumption made by the author regarding the use of genetically modified crops?

The amount of arable land will remain relatively constant, and the growing human population will have enough food if more crops can be harvested from the same amount of land.

Which of the following aspects in the design for this new urban development would most likely have the greatest negative environmental impact?

The five apartment buildings

The green revolution has improved global agricultural output. Which of the following best describes the author's perspective on the beginning of the green revolution in the 1970s and 1980s?

The green revolution was successful because of selective breeding, which improved nutritional value and crop yield to increase food production.

Which of the following is the dependent variable in the study?

The infiltration rate of the water

Which of the following statements best identifies the author's perspective in terms of utilizing science technology for future agricultural advances?

The only way to meet the global demand for more food is to fully utilize new science technologies to advance agriculture.

Which of the following describes an unintended consequence that results from large-scale agricultural use of water from an aquifer?

The rate of water use likely exceeds the rate of recharge, leading to lowering the water table.

Which of the following best describes environmental damage caused by slash-and-burn farming in tropical rain forests?

The soil loses fertility after a short period of time and will be ineffective for farming use.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the trend of ecological footprint compared to biocapacity from 1961 to 2014 ?

The world's ecological footprint has risen above its capacity to sustainably provide for the human population.

Which of the following environmental effects would most likely result from the clear-cutting of boreal forests by industrial logging operations?

There will be an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, which will contribute to climate change.

Which of the following best describes the advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation?

This method most efficiently delivers water directly to plant roots compared with other methods, and wastes less water, but it may be too costly for farmers in developing countries to use.

One example of the tragedy of the commons occurs when trees are harvested from tropical rain forests without any regulations. Which of the following best describes why this is an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Timber producers remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible.

Which foods are the most sustainable to produce in order to provide the most kilocalories to the world's growing population while still minimizing water usage?

Vegetables

Many communities experience the tragedy of the commons. One way a local community might regulate a shared and limited resource and reduce the tragedy of the commons is to

divide the resources into parcels and assign them to individuals

Based on the graph above, in which of the following periods did the human population first exceed Earth's biocapacity?

1975-1980

Which of the following is a direct economic consequence that would likely occur if an area of forest was clear-cut so that a housing development can be built?

A decrease in the number of game hunting licenses purchased

Which of the following identifies and describes the equipment needed to best determine the amount of water that infiltrated the soil?

A ruler should be used to measure the level of water above the pavers in both pallets immediately after pouring the water over the pavers and immediately after the one-hour wait time.

Which of the following aspects of the design for this new urban development will best help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere?

Access to the mass transit train line will provide inhabitants an alternative to driving personal vehicles.

Biocapacity can be defined as the amount of resources available to individuals in a given country at a specific moment in time. Which of the following statements best explains the trends in the above data?

Biocapacity increased because of improved farming techniques on existing farmland, and the ecological deficit increased because of a growing population and more demand for goods.

Which of the following foods is most suitable to cultivate to minimize water consumption per kilogram of food?

Cereals

The hog-farming industry maintains production levels to satisfy the demand for pork. Which of the following methods of meat production would provide the most likely explanation for the information represented in the graph above?

Concentrated animal feeding operations

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting?

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

Which of the following is a negative consequence of aquaculture?

Excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus can leak from the location.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

Feedlots have high levels of pesticide use and energy consumption as a result high demands for grain production.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Fish are shared resources, and as the fishing industry competes for the fish, the resource extraction is no longer sustainable.

Plant selection is important for a rain garden. Which of the following best describes the types of plants that would be most effective to use in the rain garden in this experimental design to reduce the impact of urban runoff?

Flood-tolerant plant species so that the plants can withstand large pulses of water from storms

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

Grass-fed beef has the highest carbon-equivalent footprint because of land-use changes to create pasture land combined with contributions from transportation, processing, manure treatment, making fertilizers, and digestive fermentation processes.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's predictions for how humans will meet the future nutritional needs of a growing population using current agricultural technology?

Humans have maximized the crop yield with improving technology and the implementation of modern genetic techniques to further increase crop productivity and resilience in order to meet the demand.

Which of the following techniques could best reduce the harmful effects of overfishing if it were to be widely adopted by the fishing industry?

Increased use of large-mesh gill nets for harvesting salmon and trout

Which of the following best exemplifies how an action within the fishing industry could lead to a tragedy of the commons?

Overfishing of threatened fish species leading to the eventual depletion of the resource

Which of the following is an example of an environmental benefit of aquaculture?

Raising fish using aquaculture and feeding human populations with the harvest reduces the number of fish caught from the ocean.

Based on the data above, which of the following pests is a concern to farmers for the longest period of time?

Soybean rust

Which of the following would be the best measure to use to determine the effectiveness of the rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff?

The speed and volume of the water exiting the gardens

Which of the following is the independent variable in the study?

The type of pavers used in the pallets

Which of the following agricultural practices results in soil degradation and most contributes to erosion?

Tilling

Which of the following would be the best control in this experimental design?

Water samples collected from the roof or parking lot before they passed through the gardens

Based on the data above, which of the following pests is most likely to affect mature plants ready for harvest?

White mold