APES Unit 6

If an incandescent lightbulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5%, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced?

0.05 joules of light energy

A family of four lives in a three-bedroom house and uses an average of 900kWh of electricity per month. The family cools their house for three months during the summer with two window-unit air conditioners that each use 350kWh of electricity per month. Which of the following is the percentage of the family's total annual electricity that is used to run the two air conditioners for the three summer months?

19.4%

In 1997 the World Resource Institute estimated the world's proven oil reserves to be 1,000 billion barrels and the ultimately recoverable reserves to be 2,000 billion barrels. 1986: 62 , 1997: 74. What is the approximate percent increase from 1986 to 1997?

20%

Which of the following describes an environment where large amounts of oil could form millions of years in the future?

A river delta in a forested region

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use?

Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

Which of the following would be the best location for a wind farm with ten industrial turbines?

Arranged uniformly on a local farm that has fields and pastureland for dairy and grain production

Which of the following best explains the process of electricty generation in a hydrogen fuel cell?

At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons flow in a circuit to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with the hydrogen to produce water. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

Geothermal energy is the main energy source at this location because it is located on a large divergent boundary.

B (Top middle-greenland/iceland)

Which of the following best describes the energy resource used most often for heating and cooking in less developed countries?

Biomass is the predominant fuel source because it is easily obtained locally.

For the diagram below, assume fracking has not been used with the oil and gas well. Rock layer that must be porous and have enough permeability for fluid to move through the layer

C

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity?

Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.

This region has been the largest petroleum exporter for the past four decades

E) the Middle East (Saudi Arabia)

Which of the following is the most valid inference regarding electricity production, based on the graph above?

Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of the increasing use of natural gas and renewable energy.

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking?

Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production?

Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonrenewable energy sources that distinguishes them from renewable energy sources?

Nonrenewable energy sources typically take a longer time to replenish than renewable energy sources do.

The source that is not renewable (A. Biomass, B. Wind, C. Tidal Energy, D. Nuclear fission, E. Sunlight)

Nuclear Fission

Which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms

Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed?

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions.

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster led to the release of massive radiation, specifically iodine-131 and cesium-137, which has been connected to a variety of environmental problems in the 30 years following the disaster

Reactor core

Which of the following is a way for the government to encourage efficient energy use?

Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars

The diagram shows a power plant designed to generate electricity for a nearby city

Spent fuel rods are radioactive and must be disposed of properly

Which of the following statements correctly explains the role of fossil fuels in the production of energy?

The combustion of fossil fuels heats water to produce steam, which then turns a turbine.

Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic solar cells?

The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.

Which of the following best describes the method of vehicle transport that is the most environmentally sustainable?

The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source

There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.

Which of the following is a true statement concerning the production of electricity in conventional nuclear power plants using fission reactors?

Thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy and then to electrical energy, as in coal-burning power plants.

Which of the following has the largest proven coal reserves?

United States

An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is

cleaner because it burns more completely

Which three sources supply the majority of commercial energy in the world today?

coal, oil, natural gas

An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?

cogeneration

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chemicals into boreholes to

create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil

One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide would be to

decrease the use of fossil fuels

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

A sample of radioactive waste has a half-life of 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curie?

30 years

The diagram shows a power plant designed to generate electricity for a nearby city. Based on the diagram, which processes would provide the enrgy used to generate electricity at the power plant?

Fission in radioactive fuel

During the Cretaceous period of Earth's geological history, eastern Montana was covered with lowland swamps rich in plant life. These plants were buried and slowly decomposed. Which of the following resources would most likely be mined from the plant remains buried in eastern Montana during the Cretaceous?

Fossil fuels such as coal

Which of the following explains why some energy sources are renewable?

Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption.

% of US energy consumption by energy source for 2010 and 2017. Petroleum: 37, 37. Coal 21, 14. Nuclear energy 9, 9. Natural gas 25, 29. Renewable resources 8, 11.

Renewable sources replaced nonrenewable sources for electricity generation but not for transportation

Which of the following actions would reduce global greenhouse emissions?

Replacing coal-burning power plants with wind farms

The separation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following?

The boiling points of the components

Which of the following negative consequences is most often associated with using biomass for energy production

Using biomass for energy production can result in local deforestation.

Compared to a coal-fired power plant that produces the same amount of energy, a nuclear power plant generates more

thermal pollution

Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they

use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground