APES unit 8

One benefit of solid waste disposal in landfills is that the methane produced from decomposition can be harnessed for energy. Based on the data in the graph, methane production from waste management most likely peaked during which of the following years?

1990

which of the following processes most likely caused the algal bloom in the lake?

Runoff carried excess fertilizer from the cornfield into the water.

Which of the following best describes how thermal pollution from power plants can affect aquatic ecosystems?

Warm water discharged into rivers and streams decreases the oxygen content of the water, which reduces the number of fish species.

For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilograms of body mass. On the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide?

500 out of every 1000 rats would die

which of the four chemicals is the most toxic to amphibians regardless of dose?

A

Which of the following is an example of a point source of pollution?

A leaking septic tank

At what step in the diagram would the last solid waste be removed from the wastewater in the treatment plant?

C

Which of the following approaches would best decrease the impact of frequent flooding in a community that is subject to the hazard of flooding?

Construct wetland areas near the rivers and streams.

At what step in the diagram would wastewater most likely be treated with chlorine or UV light to remove bacteria?

During step D

which of the following best describes how climate change will most likely increase the transmission rates of the Zika virus?

Expanded mosquito ranges will increase human exposure to the virus.

which of the following likely occurred from 1960 to 2015 because of changes in solid waste disposal methods?

Fewer natural resources needed to be extracted.

which of the following is one way that the Zika virus can be spread within the human population?

From a mother to her unborn child

which of the following solutions most significantly contributed to the decrease in the amount of waste sent to landfills from 1990 to 2015 ?

Increased recycling of waste

Which of the following strategies will best help to protect mangrove habitats?

Limiting coastal development and maintain a shoreline buffer zone

Which of the following best describes the action of endocrine disruptors in organisms?

Mimic naturally occurring hormones in animals, leading to developmental disorders.

A scientist is studying the correlation between air pollution and cardiovascular disease in humans. Which of the following measures would best show a link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease?

Occurrences of emergency room visits by individuals with cardiovascular disease on days with a high air quality index value

QUIZ In August of 2014, residents of several Ohio cities that use Lake Erie as a drinking water source were warned not to drink tap water because of the presence of toxins released by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Which of the following is the most likely cause of recent blooms of blue-green algae in Lake Erie?

Phosphorus contained in agricultural runoff

Which of the following correctly identifies an example of an endocrine disruptor and the effect it might have on the human body?

Phthalates in cosmetics and shampoos reduce fertility.

Based on the diagram, organic solids that have settled to the bottom of the treatment tanks in step B are transferred to which of the following for further processing?

Sludge treatment tanks

Which of the following statements best describes how the Clean Water Act legislation aims to protect wetlands from being lost?

The Clean Water Act requires wetlands to be constructed to mitigate the effect of newly drained wetlands.

which of the following processes most likely caused the bottom-dwelling plants in the lake to die?

The algal bloom prevented sunlight from reaching the bottom-dwelling plants, which reduced the rates of photosynthesis.

QUIZ In 1986 Country X established regulations to reduce the maximum allowable concentration of chromium in industrial effluents from 37 ppm to 25 ppm. In 1994 government research indicated that a chromium concentration of up to 35 ppm in effluents presented an acceptable risk; in the same year the government also discovered that a certain chemical company had been discharging effluents with chromium concentrations of 32 ppm each year since 1981. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

The chemical company did not violate effluent regulations in the 1982-1985 period, but it violated them at some other time.

QUIZ Some studies have indicated that global amphibian populations are declining and that exposure to herbicides in agricultural runoff is implicated in the decline. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of how herbicides affect amphibians?

The herbicides act as endocrine disruptors.

which of the following processes most likely caused the fish in the lake to die?

The remains of the bottom-dwelling plants and algae decomposed, depleting the amount of oxygen in the water.

Which of the following best describes why persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic to organisms?

They do not break down easily and can accumulate in the fat tissue of an organism.

QUIZ Eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

QUIZ Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?

biomagnification

Which of the following pollutants would most likely be responsible for gender imbalance in a population of frogs in which all observed frogs are female?

endocrine disruptors

QUIZ Factors that increase the spread of infectious diseases include all of the following EXCEPT

exposure to neurotoxins, which affect the endocrine system

QUIZ This pathogen is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and is found most often in sub-Saharan Africa.

malaria

QUIZ Although the use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1972, a test of the body tissue of an average United States resident today would most likely reveal the presence of DDT because

other countries that export produce to the United States still use DDT

QUIZ Waste from which of the following is an example of nonpoint source pollution?

runoff from agricultural fields

QUIZ Many synthetic chemicals, such as PCBs, act as estrogen mimics. In an ecosystem, these persistent chemicals would have the greatest effect on which of the following?

secondary consumers

QUIZ Of the phenomena that correlate with the data above, the one that is the most direct consequence of the trend in air travel is

the increase in the spread of infectious diseases