APHG Chapter 12 [Services & Settlements]

Countries that provide offshore financial services not located on islands are:

Andorra and Liechtenstein; Monaco and Liberia; Belize and Panama

Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania?

Consumers do not all have access to goods and services.

[True or False] Business services are more likely to cluster in specialized business-service centers than in world cities or regional command and control centers.

False

[True or False] Cities differ from rural areas in being larger, more dense, and more socially homogeneous.

False

[True or False] Cities grew rapidly in Europe immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire.

False

[True or False] Cities in less developed countries have eliminated most signs of European colonial rule.

False

[True or False] Most Metropolitan residents in the United States live in central cities rather than suburbs.

False

[True or False] Most inhabitants of developing countries live in urban areas.

False

[True or False] People who live in rural settlements are more likely to engage in secondary sector economic activities.

False

[True or False] Public transportation is more successful in Europe, because entrepreneurs have figured out how to make a profit operating it.

False

[True or False] Rapid urbanization continues today in the more developed countries.

False

[True or False] Suburban sprawl has resulted in the loss of almost all of the prime agricultural land in the United States.

False

[True or False] The threshold of a service is the maximum distance that most of the customers are willing to travel.

False

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

New England

Shops with high thresholds are likely to locate in the CBD. What other types of of retail activities are likely to locate there?

Shops with a high range and shops appealing to office workers

The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America?

Southeast

[True or False] According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country contains 1,000,000 inhabitants, the fifth largest city should contain 200,000 inhabitants.

True

[True or False] Copenhagen and London are primate cities even though they are located in more developed countries.

True

[True or False] Land is more intensively used in the center of the city than elsewhere.

True

[True or False] Linear settlement patterns were brought to North America by the French.

True

[True or False] Public housing comprises a large percentage of housing in the United Kingdom but only a small percentage in the United States.

True

[True or False] Relatively wealthy individuals live in the center of most cities in the world outside of North America.

True

[True or False] The basic building block for MSAs is the county, because of the ease of obtaining data.

True

[True or False] The colonial New England rural settlement pattern was clustered.

True

[True or False] The density gradient in American cities is getting flatter as people move to suburban areas.

True

[True or False] The frequency of periodic markets varies by culture.

True

[True or False] The supply of land for new housing is more severely restricted outside European cities than U.S. cities.

True

[True or False] Urban population world wide now exceeds rural settlement population for the first time ever.

True

[True or False] While public transportation ridership has declined in the United States, a number of cities have invested in new public transportation systems.

True

Briefly define the economic base and state its significance to a settlement.

a collection of industries in a community that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement; affects the types of jobs available to the population and the strength and stability of the economy

In the United States educational services account for about ________ of jobs. a. 10 percent b. 2 percent c. 1 percent d. 35 percent e. 25 percent

a. 10 percent

In the United States about ________ of all jobs are in consumer services. a. 50 percent b. 10 percent c. 5 percent d. 75 percent e. 25 percent

a. 50 percent

Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution? a. The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization. b. Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by hundreds of years. c. Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution are unrelated. d. Urbanization promoted the Industrial Revolution. e. Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by thousands of years.

a. The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization.

Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in: a. agriculture. b. manufacturing. c. services. d. education. e. cities.

a. agriculture.

The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the: a. gravity model. b. population model. c. distance decay. d. gravitational model. e. threshold model.

a. gravity model.

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the: a. hinterland. b. range. c. threshold. d. median. e. meridian

a. hinterland.

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby: a. industries. b. residences. c. hospitals. d. universities. e. shops.

a. industries.

in recent years urban residents are more likely to shop in: a. suburban malls. b. downtown stores. c. corner shops. d. specialty boutiques. e. all of the above.

a. suburban malls.

Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service? a. transportation services b. retail and wholesale services c. education services d. health services e. hospitality services

a. transportation services

Periodic markets are likely to feature: a. vendors who move from town to town. b. prices that change on a seasonal schedule. c. large sales after the holiday season. d. a daily offering of business services throughout the year. e. consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district.

a. vendors who move from town to town.

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is: a. a circle. b. a hexagon. c. a square. d. a pentagon. e. an octagon.

b. a hexagon.

The city-state is an example of: a. an early form of urban settlement. b. a state dominated by its major city. c. a functional region. d. a local government of the Roman Empire. e. diffuse political functions.

b. a state dominated by its major city.

A primate city is: a. a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. b. at least twice as large as the next smaller city. c. the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. d. a rapidly growing city. e. the center of gravity for a hinterland.

b. at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

Consumer services include: a. educational, retail, wholesale, professional, and financial service jobs. b. educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospitality jobs. c. educational, retail, wholesale, and financial service jobs. d. health and social, professional, and financial service jobs. e. wholesale, social, leisure, and information service jobs.

b. educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospital jobs.

British cities are surrounded by open space known as: a. suburbs. b. greenbelts. c. sprawl. d. squatter settlements. e. public housing.

b. greenbelts.

A central place is a: a. hinterland. b. market center. c. range of a good. d. rank-size distribution. e. hexagonal settlement.

b. market center.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is: a. hinterland. b. range. c. threshold. d. median. e. meridian

b. range.

The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to:

bury the dead.

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? a. 50,000 b. 100,000 c. 200,000 d. 500,000 e. 5,000,000

c. 200,000

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is: a. directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. b. directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. c. directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. d. directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it. e. directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area.

c. directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are: a. more numerous and closer together. b. more numerous and farther apart. c. less numerous and farther apart. d. less numerous and closer together. e. more numerous.

c. less numerous and farther apart.

The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the: a. provisions of parks and open space surrounding important churches. b. demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. c. placement of buildings around a central market place. d. dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. e. broad avenues in residential districts.

c. placement of buildings around a central market place.

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? a. central place b. economic base c. primate city d. rank-size e. equidistant

c. primate city

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the: a. hinterland. b. range. c. threshold. d. median. e. meridian.

c. threshold.

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? a. clustered rural b. dispersed rural c. urban settlement d. agricultural e. primordial

c. urban settlement

a legal form of segregation in US cities is achieved through: a. filtering b. blockbusting c. zoning d. greenbelts e. busing

c. zoning

The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the:

central business district.

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of:

commuting.

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of:

competition for limited space.

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by:

construction of skyscrapers.

In a country with a primate city: a. the largest city is more than twice as large than the second largest city. b. the country's n-th largest city is 1/n-th the population of the largest city. c. goods and services may not be evenly distributed throughout the country. d. A and C. e. B and C.

d. A and C.

According to the range concept of Central Place Theory, people should be willing to travel far distances for a(n) ________ and only willing to travel short distances for ________. a. championship sporting event; a cup of coffee b. flight out of an airport; groceries c. wedding; a fast food restaurant d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? a. urban b. linear rural c. dispersed rural d. clustered rural e. primordial

d. clustered rural

In a linear community, we can deduce that the best location for a service is the: a. hinterland. b. range. c. threshold. d. median. e. meridian.

d. median.

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area? a. central business district b. regional government federation c. urbanized area d. metropolitan statistical area e. central city

d. metropolitan statistical area

The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the: a. primate city. b. economic base. c. gravity model. d. rank-size rule. e. nesting of settlements.

d. rank size rule.

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it: a. changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. b. changes the communities functional classification. c. replaces obsolete industry. d. stimulates new non-basic industries. e. disrupts the central place hierarchy.

d. stimulates new non-basic industries.

Compared to whites, African Americans in the US cities are more likely to be: a. distributed across the commuter zone b. clustered in suburbs c. distributed uniformly in the city d. dispersed throughout the city e. clustered in inner-city neighborhoods

e. clustered in inner-city neighborhoods

Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because:

each traveler takes up less space.

Rural settlements differ from urban settlements primarily according to which type of activity?

economic

In view of the rank-size distribution in Romania, why had the past President of Romania, Nicolae Ceaucescu, ordered the demolition of thousands of rural villages, each containing a few hundred inhabitants, and the construction of cities of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants?

enable rural residents to have access to goods and services

The British policy of combining many small farms into one large farm is known as:

enclosure movement.

The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to:

encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

A market area is a good example of what kind of region?

functional

Recent decades have seen greatest employment increases in which consumer service sector?

health

The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its:

high accessibility.

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is:

industrial.

What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs?

low wage rates and workers who can speak English

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is:

manufacturing of durable goods.

An increase in the percentage of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor? Distinct from such percentage increases, an increase in the number of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor?

migration from rural areas; overall population growth

The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of:

need for access to a river.

Developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization, which involves two types of population increases. One is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas. The other type of increase is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas.

number; percentage

LDCs specialize in what two types of business services?

offshore financial and back office

The most important political reason for the origin of settlements was a place to:

protect the group's assets.

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?

retail

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain:

retail and office activities.

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have:

service for office workers.

What technical development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDCs?

telecommunications

Economic reasons for settlements include what?

warehousing, trading, manufacturing, defense