APHG Unit 2
C
A country develops new technologies for farming, which help stabilize and increase food supply. According to Malthusian theory, which of the following would best explain those results? (answer with letter only) A- The new technologies would conserve water and energy supplies. B- The new technologies would reduce preventive checks on population. C- The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population. D- The new technologies would create a rapid decrease in population. E- The new technologies would increase the need for preventative checks of population.
infectious diseases
A disease that is caused by organisms entering the body that then grow and multiply there.
A
A high level of mobility for international migration and employment is best explained by which of the following demographic groups? (answer with letter only) A- Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education B- Unmarried woman in their twenties with no children and a high school education C- Married man in their forties with children and a high school education D- Unmarried men in their thirties with children and a high school education E- Married woman in their thirties with children and a university education
E
A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany's manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey's economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany? (answer with letter only) A- Political asylum seekers fleeing Communism B- Involuntary migrants fleeing transnational wars C- Internal rural-to-urban migrants D- Internally displaced persons E- Voluntary guest workers
Intervening Obstacle
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.
Thomas Malthus
Argued that the world's rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies through his/her book An Essay on the Principle of Population. Claimed that the population was growing much more rapidly than Earth's food supply because population increased geometrically, whereas food supply increased arithmetically. He/she was fairly close to the mark on resources but much too pessimistic on population growth
South Asia
Most densely populated region in the world?
China and India
Name two countries that culturally accept baby boys more than girls and as a result have more boys than girls (hint- they're both in Asia)
D
Neo-Malthusian theory can be used to explain which of the following situations? (answer with letter only) A- Brazil's interior was previously unfit for farming, but recently more land is being cultivated. B- Mexico has utilized new technology to shift from being a food importer to being a food exporter. C- Malawi previously experienced famine but has improved agricultural yields through subsidies. D- South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought. E- India has been able to increase agricultural yields by utilizing bio-engineered seeds.
Agricultural Density
Number of farmers per unit of arable (farmable) land
Islands of development
Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure
E
Population patterns on maps indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated? (answer with letter only) A- These regions have pronatalist policies. B- These regions have access to international trade. C- These regions experience seasonal climate variation. D- These regions have mineral resources. E- These regions have higher carrying capacities.
Gravity model
Prediction of the interaction between places based on their size, distance, and population between them
population pyramid
Shows population composition - the Age and Gender of a country's population. MDC - lopsided vase, LDC - Christmas Tree
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border
4
What stage of the demographic transition model is Denmark in?
2
What stage of the demographic transition model is The Gambia in?
Brain Drain
When really smart people leave LDC's to go study at good universities in MDC's. Often staying after graduation to work in MDC instead of going back to LDC.
repatriation
When there is trouble in a person´s homeland and he/she leaves, the UN makes sure that the return of refugees to their homeland is a safe process. Once the conditions/violence improve in the country, the UNHCR helps return refugees to their homeland.
C
Which of the following accurately describes changes in the roles of women as countries develop economically? (answer with letter only) A- More women work in agriculture B- More women leave the workforce C- More women work in professional jobs D- Fewer women enroll in secondary school E- Most women work in the home
Forced Migration
involves the imposition of authority or power, producing involuntary migration movements that could not be understood based on theories of choice
Voluntary Migration
migrant chooses to move and where to move to; usually for economic reasons
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
migrants move: short distances if long distances then to an urban area will often have a countermigration (like deportation) will often be young adults without children
Chain Migration
migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there (kinship link)
stationary population level
natural rate of population growth has stabilized - usually stage 4 or 5 of demographic transition
dependency ratio
number of people under 15 and over 65 - these people are usually dependent on either parents or government - social security
Environmental Determinism vs. Possibilism
possibilism states that society dictates phenomena that occur, while environmental determinism states that everything depends on the environment
child mortality rates
refers to the amount of children under 5 who die in a certain area
asylum
shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state
Restrictive Population Policy (anti-natalist)
A usually government influenced policy that tries to control the growth of a certain population. Ex. China's one child policy
Natural Increase
Birth rate minus death rate - does not take immigration into account
Genetic Diseases
Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human.
Eugenic Population Policies
Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.
Immigration Wave
Swells in migration from one origin to the same destination
2.1
TFR replacement level
West
The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the _______________.
China
The most populated country in the world?
Internal Migration
The movement of a person(s) to across a political borders. Rural to Urban and Urban to Suburban
Physiologic Population Density
The number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land
Infant Mortality Rate
The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
Exponentially
Thomas Malthus stated: population increases ________________; food production increases linearly
Linearly
Thomas Malthus stated: population increases exponentially; food production increases ________________
False
True/False: This population pyramid suggests a population with a high TFR (total fertility rate) and a young population
True
True/False: This population pyramid suggests that their is a very high total fertility rate in this population
Kinship Links
Types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success.
3
What stage of the demographic transition model is Mexico in?
Southeast
Which area of the US is seeing the most significant increase in internal migration?
census
an official enumeration of the population, with details as to age, sex, occupation, etc.
population composition
structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education
immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Deportation
the action of deporting a foreigner from a country
crude death rate
the amount of deaths per 1000 people
Life Expectancy
the average number of years someone in a region lives
genocide
the delibrate killing of a large group of people of a specific ethnicity
Population Explosion
the extreme growth of the world population during the last century, stage 3 of a 5 stage demographic transition model
Carrying Capacity
the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment
Migration
the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
newborn mortality rate
the number of infants who die within the first month of life per 1,000 live births
guest workers
foreigners who have permission to temporarily work in another country
chronic diseases
generally long- lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. - Usually in arid locations in North Africa and Central and SW Asia
Demographic Transition
The shift of population growth based on crude birth rate and crude death rate.
Arithmetic Population density
The total number of people per unite area of a place.
A
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon? (answer with letter only) A- High youth dependency ratio B- Long life expectancy C- Low birth rates D- High elder dependency ratio E- Zero population growth
step migration
Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city - might encounter intervening opportunity or obstacle
Remittances
Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries
B
The population pyramid of Naples, Florida is upside down because it has a large percentage of... (answer only with letter) A- immigrants B- the elderly C- women D- Children
Clustered
If the objects in an area are close together, they are _________________; if relatively far apart, they are dispersed
Dispersed
If the objects in an area are close together, they are clustered ; if relatively far apart, they are _________________
intervening opportunity
The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.
B
From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries of origin during and after that time period? (answer with letter only) A- Increasing emigration resulted in the governments of the countries of origin providing financial support for emigrants. B- As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin. C- Increasing emigration resulted in a decreased need for language training programs in schools to help emigrants find work. D- Many emigrants became unemployed, which decreased the total financial contributions to countries of origin. E- Remittances increased diffusion of cultural traits such as customs, religion, and food products from the host countries to the countries of origin.
C
Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010? (answer with letter only) A- Improvement in the level of economic development in African countries led to an increase in the number of asylum seekers. B- A decrease in the number of armed conflicts in African countries meant a higher number of asylum seekers traveling to Europe. C- Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers. D- Low fertility rates and more stable political systems led to an overall decrease in asylum seekers as they found more economic opportunities at home. E- An influx of asylum seekers from the Middle East led to a decrease in the number of accepted asylum applications from Africa.
B
In 1980 China implemented an antinatalist one-child policy. Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of the policy? (answer with letter only) A- There are more women than men because of a cultural preference for female children. B- There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children. C- China's total fertility rate dropped below the replacement rate due to strict enforcement of the law. D- China's age structure shifted toward a high youth dependency due to limiting births. E- China discontinued the policy to accommodate an unexpected increase in infant mortality rates.
3
In the Epidemiological Transition Model, Stage ___ is Degenerative Diseases that are associated with aging, such as cardiovascular diseases
4
In the Epidemiological Transition Model, Stage ___ is Delayed Degenerative Diseases. In this stage, people still get diseases associated with aging, but they live longer due to better healthcare and access to medicine and treatments
1
In the Epidemiological Transition Model, Stage ___ is Pestilence (a fatal epidemic disease such as the black death) and famine (High CDR)
5
In the Epidemiological Transition Model, Stage ___ is not widely accepted just yet, but the reasons for it potentially occurring are the evolution of bacterium and viruses, poverty, and increased connections spreading disease (a good example is AIDS)
2
In the Epidemiological Transition Model, Stage ___ is receding pandemics, such as cholera
B
Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years? (answer with letter only) A- Too many youth dependents for the education system will require increased taxes. B- An aging population needing health care will require more public funding. C- Too many workers for available jobs will lead to high rates of unemployment. D- A rapidly increasing population will strain the country's infrastructure. E- A rapidly increasing population will strain the available food supply.
megalopolis
Large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world. Ex. D.C to Boston
Asia to Europe, Asia to North America, Latin America to North America
List the 3 largest flows of migrants
A
Malthusian theory would explain which of the following possible consequences of high birth rates in a less developed country? (answer with letter only) A- Famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production. B- Technological advancements will lead to increased agricultural production. C- People will implement family-planning methods as resources grow scarce. D- Areas with the greatest population density will import scarce resources. E- Farmers will bring more land under cultivation to produce more food.
C
Many European countries provide families one or more of the following: tax credits, flexible parental leave, monthly payments, public-transportation fare reduction, free vaccines, and subsidized childcare. Which of the following would explain why a country such as Belgium would implement the described policies? (answer with letter only) A- Belgium has concerns about gender equality and wants to increase female participation in the workforce. B- Belgium has concerns about a large youth population and wants to encourage lower birth rates. C- Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates. D- Belgium has concerns about the ability of immigrants from developing regions to support themselves. E- Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage lower birth rates.
B
South Korea, as of 2018, has the lowest total fertility rate in the world at 1.1. Which of the following best explains a population policy South Korea could enact to promote higher birth rates? (answer with letter only) A- Decreasing the age of retirement so that older Koreans can work in childcare centers B- Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children C- Increasing social-security benefits so that retirees can financially support their grandchildren D- Decreasing health insurance so that parents pay more for the cost of childbirth E- Increasing educational costs for universities so that the government can spend more on preschool
Crude Birth Rate
The amount of births every thousand people
Doubling Time
The amount of time it takes for the population to double
Push factors
The conditions and perceptions that Help the migrant decide to leave a place
4
The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the Dem. Trans. Model (not including 5)? Answer just with the number
A
Which of the following best explains an effect of migration within the United States between 1950 and 2010? (answer with letter only) A- The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate. B- Population increased in the industrial North because of large-scale migration of African Americans from the South. C- Rapid suburbanization occurred in the Midwest as retirees migrated from the East Coast. D- Large clusters of migrants from other countries settled in the South and West, leading to significant population growth in this region. E- Population increased in the northeastern United States as large numbers of college graduates moved to this region to seek employment.
A
Which of the following countries has the highest total fertility rate? (answer with letter only) A- Zambia B- The United States C- China D- India
D
Which of the following describes forced migration? (answer with letter only) A- Residents from New Orleans, United States, being displaced during Hurricane Katrina B- Residents from Sendai, Japan, being displaced during an earthquake and related tsunami C- Population movement to cities with more job opportunities created by economic recession D- British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries E- Northern Europeans moving to southern European countries for health reasons
C
Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union? (answer with letter only) A- Increased free trade within Europe based on elimination of tariffs, due to the need for economic cooperation between member states B- Greater cultural unity within Europe as it becomes a melting pot, due to the use of a common currency C- Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs D- Greater restrictions on travel within European Union countries, due to the need for internal security E- Less environmental pollution as a result of stricter regulations, due to member states agreeing on a common air-quality policy
C
Which of the following has the lowest life expectancy rates? A- North Africa B- South America C- Sub-Saharan Africa D- Southwest Asia
C
Which of the following is the best describes an example of transhumance? (answer with letter only) A- Ranchers in Canada who allow their cattle to graze over a wide area of flat land B- Herders in Kenya who take their goats to a river basin each day for water C- Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer D- Farmers in Peru who raise their llamas on land that used to be tropical rain forest E- Traders in Mongolia who maintain a herd of camels and a herd of yaks
E
Which of the following population patterns is common in more developed countries? (answer with letter only) A- High birth rates, leading to younger age structures B- An uneven ratio of males to females, leading to lower total fertility rates C- Higher population densities in rural areas, leading to scarcity of natural resources D- A rapidly increasing working-age population, leading to high unemployment rates E- Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures
D
Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide? (answer with letter only) A- Increased rates of female literacy B- Increased rates of urbanization C- Modern family planning methods D- Better hygiene and sanitation practices E- Greater female workforce participation
A
Which of the following scenarios explains a demographic push factor for less developed countries? (answer with letter only) A- A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries. B- Religious persecution and threats of violence create a refugee crisis in neighboring countries. C- A working population, seeking higher wages, emigrate to more developed countries. D- Drought threatening agricultural output and food supplies create a refugee crisis in neighboring countries. E- An oppressive government discriminates against minorities, forcing ethnic groups to live in rural enclaves.
1
Which stage of the Migration Transition model best fits the following description? High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food
2
Which stage of the Migration Transition model best fits the following description? High international emigration and interregional migration from rural to urban
3
Which stage of the demographic transition model does the following best describe? Declining CBR and CDR, moderate NIR, women gaining rights, and an example is Brazil
2
Which stage of the demographic transition model does the following best describe? High CBR, Rapidly declining, CDR, really high NIR, women have few rights, medical revolution, and an example is Nigeria
1
Which stage of the demographic transition model does the following best describe? Really high CBR and CDR, really low NIR, all societies for most of history
4
Which stage of the demographic transition model does the following best describe? Really low CBR, low CDR, almost no NIR, women have equal rights, and an example is France
3 and 4
Which stages (hint- its two) of the Migration Transition model best fit the following description? High international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs
E
Which statement best explains an environmental impact of China's population distribution (very clustered and populated in the east and sparsely populated and in the west)? (answer with letter only) A- The population distribution shown allows for large-scale agricultural expansion in western China to increase the food supply. B- The population distribution shown permits the dispersal of industrial air pollution outside of the region due to prevailing wind patterns. C- The population distribution shown directs urban and industrial water pollution along riverways to less populated portions of the country. D- The population distribution shown depicts concentration in cities, which results in more open area to protect wildlife and preserve habitats. E- The population distribution shown requires more intensive use of limited soil and water resources to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land.
Pattern
____________________ is the geometric arrangement of objects in space.
Migrant Labor
a common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the US and tens of millions worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many cases.
Pull Factor
a force that induces people to move to the location. Often economic opportunity. These are often perceived not real.
International Migration
a person moves permanently from one country to another. Mostly LDC to MDC today. Historically Colonization
Refugee
a person who is forced to leave their country because of war, persecution, or natural disaster - an asylum seeker
Colonization
a physical process whereby a state takes over another place, usually to exploit natural resources and labor
epidemiological transition model
accounts for the types of diseases that cause the most deaths within each stage of the demographic transition model. From plagues and famines in stage 1 to chronic illnesses like heart disease in stage 4/5
expansive population policy (pro-natalist)
government policies that encourage large families - promotes human reproduction