APHG Unit 6 CB
In the United States and Canada, which areal unit best approximates a city neighborhood in size? A: A census tract B: A county C: A municipality D: A congressional district E: A metropolitan area
A: A census tract
Which of the following is the primary reason for the rapid population growth in megacities throughout the developing world? A: Interregional migration B: A decline in the death rate C: The natural increase rate D: The decline in the dependency ratio E: A decrease in the doubling time
A: Interregional migration
Which of the following is a correct statement about the major cities of the world? A: Most are located on rivers or seacoasts. B: Most are found in areas that are not very suitable for agriculture. C: Most primate cities are located in the United States and western Europe. D: They are concentrated between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. E: The world's fastest-growing cities are found in areas with the highest standards of living.
A: Most are located on rivers or seacoasts.
Mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly design, and the incorporation of front porches and alleys are design elements of which of the following? A: New urbanism B: Transit-oriented development C: Zero growth D: Urban growth boundaries E: Leapfrog development
A: New urbanism
In the contemporary pattern of migration to cities in more developed countries, migrants are more likely to settle in A: Suburban areas B: The central city C: Brownfield sites D: Squatter settlements E: Areas of gentrification
A: Suburban areas
Which of the following best explains the strength of the diagram shown as a theoretical model in human geography? A: The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Spanish cities. B: The model presents a general theory that is applicable to metropolitan areas that were first settled in the era of postcolonial independence. C: The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Portuguese cities. D: The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas with service-based urban economies. E: The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas with technology-based urban economies.
A: The model presents a general theory that is most applicable to metropolitan areas that were once colonial-era Spanish cities
What aspect of the design of Brasília, Canberra, and Washington, D.C., was different from the design of most other urban centers? A: They were designed as show places to reflect the power and wealth of their respective countries B: Their design was based largely on transportation systems to allow for efficient movement of raw materials and finished products. C: They were planned around a major river to allow ease of movement of foodstuffs from the hinterland to the city D: They were positioned near the center of their respective countries to help protect them from enemy attack. E: They were designed to utilize the hydro-power potential of the nearby rivers to attract manufacturing firms.
A: They were designed as show places to reflect the power and wealth of their respective countries
Most Latin American cities are focused on a A: central plaza B: government housing project C: zone of heavy industry D: skyscraper office building E: squatter settlement
A: central plaza
Central place theory describes the A: spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services B: tendency of different ethnic groups to congregate in a single location C: tendency of civilizations to form around certain natural features D: outward radiation of cultural patterns from a central place E: tendency of wealth to concentrate in urban core areas
A: spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services
Which of the following groups of cities contains the best examples of central places with large hinterlands? A: San Diego, Milwaukee, and New Haven B: Atlanta, Denver, and Calgary C: Baltimore, Ottawa, and Duluth D: Las Vegas, Victoria, and Buffalo E: Miami, Philadelphia, and Quebec City
B: Atlanta, Denver, and Calgary
Which of the following groups would most likely engage in the gentrification of an older residential neighborhood? A: University students on limited incomes B: Double-income households without children C: People above age sixty-five on limited incomes D: Double-income households with children E: Recent immigrants on limited incomes
B: Double-income households without children
Which of the following best describes urban planning in the United States? A: It is imposed by the federal government through national standards. B: It is accomplished, for the most part, through local ordinances governing land use. C: It follows rules and standards established by international organizations. D: It is imposed by state governments through regional standards. E: It is conducted cooperatively by public-private partnerships.
B: It is accomplished, for the most part, through local ordinances governing land use.
Which of the following describes a primate city? A: It is economically and politically inter-connected to other cities in the world. B: It is disproportionately large in relation to the next largest cities in that country. C: It is surrounded by walls like a fortress. D: It is linked by colonial administrators to an imperial power. E: It is primarily concerned with its role as a religious center.
B: It is disproportionately large in relation to the next largest cities in that country
Which of the following best describes the process of gentrification in United States and Canadian cities? A: An increase in construction of new housing for elderly and retired persons B: Privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings C: Government-led planning of public spaces such as parks and riverfronts D: The sale of naming rights for stadiums and arenas E: The expansion of suburban housing developments on the urban periphery
B: Privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings
Which of the following factors best explains the development and expansion of squatter settlements? A: Gentrification of megacities in more developed countries displacing large numbers of urban dwellers B: Rapid urbanization and inability of infrastructure to keep pace with the growth of megacities in developing countries C: Urban dwellers seeking residential housing and shopping outside the congestion of the city D: Zoning laws in developing countries that prevent current urban dwellers from obtaining land to build residential structures E: The growth of urban agriculture encouraging migrant farm workers to move to cities requiring more housing
B: Rapid urbanization and inability of infrastructure to keep pace with the growth of megacities in developing countries
Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the Second World War? A: Mass production of the automobile B: Reduction in long-distance commuting C: Expansion of home construction D: Expansion of the interstate highway system E: Availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages
B: Reduction in long-distance commuting
Which of the following defines Chicago's position in relation to the infrastructure of the United States? A: Site B: Situation C: Absolute location D: Vernacular region E: Transition zone
B: Situation
Which of the following occurs when the cities in a country follow the rank-size rule? A: There are two large cities with similar population sizes. B: The largest city is two times the population of the next-largest city. C: The largest city is three times the population of the next-largest city. D: The largest city is four times the population of the next-largest city. E: The largest city is five times the population of the next-largest city.
B: The largest city is two times the population of the next-largest city.
Which of the following statements explains the characteristics of cities in a postindustrial economy? A: The postindustrial city has new structures since the buildings of the industrial city cannot be reused. B: The postindustrial city has a large share of offices housing technology and information services. C: The postindustrial city has very few companies in the manufacturing sector. D: The postindustrial city is a high-density, compact city to facilitate information and technology businesses. E: The postindustrial city has few low-skill or general service jobs because of the demands of technology industries.
B: The postindustrial city has a large share of offices housing technology and information services.
Which of the following is a true statement about classic models of city structure? A: The concentric zone model does not have a transitional area. B: The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns. C: The central business district has the most dominant position in the multiple nuclei model. D: The multiple nuclei model and the sector model are similar in that they both have only one core. E: The interaction between the central city and the suburbs is greatest in the urban realm model.
B: The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns
Which of the following refers to the size and functional complexity of cities? A: Multiplier effect B: Urban hierarchy C: Basic-nonbasic ratio D: Threshold ratio E: The Sector model
B: Urban hierarchy
According to Christaller's central place model, which of the following would most likely have the smallest range? A: A university B: An international airport C: A grocery store D: A professional football stadium E: A symphony orchestra hall
C: A grocery store
Can't add the photo but it's a graph Using the diagram above, at what distance from the central business district will recreational land use begin to outbid all other land uses? A: About 3 miles B: About 6 miles C: About 10 miles D: About 12 miles E: About 18 miles
C: About 10 miles
According to the sector model of North American city structure, members of low-income groups tend to live in which of the following places? A: The inner city only B: Peripheral temporary settlements C: Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outward D: Evenly dispersed throughout the urban area E: The suburbs and rural areas only
C: Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outward
In the development of urban land, which of the following is typically built on the most accessible sites? A: Single-family housing B: Farm markets C: Retail complexes D: Industrial parks E: High-rise apartment buildings
C: Retail Complexes
TOP FIVE URBANIZED AREAS: CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES China City US City Shanghai: 25.6 million New York: 18.8 million Beijing: 19.6 million LA: 12.5 million Chongqing: 14.8 million Chicago: 8.9 million Tianjin: 13.2 million Houston: 6.1 million Guangzhou: 12.6 million Dallas: 6.1 million Compare the largest urbanized-area populations for each country, and then select the following statement that correctly draws a conclusion regarding the pattern in the data. A: China has a primate city, and the United States follows the rank-size rule. B: Neither country follows the rank-size rule. C: The United States is closer to following rank-size rule. D: Both countries have a primate city. E: The United States has a primate city, and China follows the rank-size rule.
C: The United States is closer to following rank-size rule
An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country and that dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities can be best classified as A: a megalopolis B: a conurbation C: a primate city D: an edge city E: an imperial city
C: a primate city
Squatter settlements exist in cities of less-developed countries because A: city governments set aside vacant areas for new migrants B: people want to live near the center of the city, where jobs are located C: affordable housing is not available elsewhere for new migrants to the city D: new migrants prefer to live in squatter settlements with other recent migrants E: new migrants need to be isolated from other city residents until they adjust to urban life
C: affordable housing is not available elsewhere for new migrants to the city
All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950s EXCEPT A: the building of interstate highways B: the G.I. Bill of Rights C: better public transportation D: the desire for more space E: prefab construction methods
C: better public transportation
Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by A: high land values B: zoning ordinances C: limited transportation D: housing shortages E: cultural preferences
C: limited transportation
Which of the following models of urban structure depicts a commercial spine bordered by an elite residential sector extending outward from the central business district? A: Urban realms B: Concentric zone C: Multiple nuclei D: Latin American city E: Southeast Asian city
D: Latin American city
LARGEST CITIES IN VIETNAM AND THAILAND, 2018 City Population Bangkok, Thailand 10.2 million Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 8.1 million Hanoi, Vietnam 4.3 million Chon Buri, Thailand 1.4 million Which of the following accurately describes the city population data in the table? A: Bangkok is both a metacity and a primate city. B: Hanoi is both a world city and a primate city. C: Ho Chi Minh City is both a megacity and a primate city. D: Hanoi is both a capital city and a primate city. E: Bangkok is both a megacity and a primate city.
E: Bangkok is both a megacity and a primate city.
Which of the following is useful for describing a settlement node whose primary function is to provide support for the population in its hinterland? A: Von Thünen's model of land use B: Concentric zone model C: Core-periphery model D: Rostow's model of economic development E: Christaller's model of central place
E: Christaller's model of central place
All of the following have helped create ghettos in North American cities EXCEPT A: blockbusting and racial steering B: redlining by financial institutions C: concentration of public housing and social services D: fixed school district boundaries E: Economic Enterprise Zones
E: Economic Enterprise Zones
Which of the following is true of an edge city? A: It is located on the edge of a lake, river, or other physical feature. B: It is close to bankruptcy. C: It is an outlet for a region's trade. D: It is increasingly used for heavy industry. E: It has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space.
E: It has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space.
Although photovoltaic solar farms appear to be a free resource with few negative impacts, there are environmental problems related to this type of renewable energy production. Which statement explains the limits to the sustainability of solar panel farms to produce electricity for a city in a more developed country? A: Buildings supporting solar photovoltaic panels are not suitable for housing. B: Nearby residents complain of changed air circulation patterns and low-frequency noise. C: Migratory birds flying near the solar panels can be injured. D: Operating costs are high and it is difficult to transmit solar power through the electrical grid. E: Large amounts of land, permanently cleared of natural vegetation are needed.
E: Large amounts of land, permanently cleared of natural vegetation are needed.
In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in A: the informal sector B: regional centers and small towns where fax machines are used C: the field, close to the sources of agricultural production D: national capitals because of the increasing importance of the nation state E: major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo
E: major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo
The number of functions in a central place is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT the A: population of the central place B: population of the market area C: size of the market area D: distance to a place with similar functions E: total number of central places in the urban system
E: total number of central places in the urban system
A primate city such as Mexico City is A: always located in the center of its country for maximum accessibility B: more than twice the size of any other city in its country and dominant economically and culturally C: most likely to share its rank size with at least one other city in the country D: always a national capital serving as the seat of government and industrial center of the country E: much larger than the cities in any neighboring country and serves as the region's financial capital
B: more than twice the size of any other city in its country and dominant economically and culturally
According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a region has a population size of 900,000, then the third largest city will have a population of A: 3,000 B: 9,000 C: 45,000 D: 300,000 E: 900,000
D: 300,000
According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of A: 9 million B: 8 million C: 7.5 million D: 5 million E: 3.5 million
D: 5 million
According to the rank-size rule, which of the following is true about the second-largest city in a country? A: It is almost equal in population to the largest city. B: It has a population that is twice the size of the third-largest city. C: It has half the number of functions as those in the largest city. D: It has half the population size of the largest city. E: It is located half as far from the largest city as is the third-largest city.
D: It has half the population size of the largest city.
Which of the following describes a feature of the original central business district (CBD) found in most cities? A: Manufacturing space is located in the middle of the original CBD. B: Residential space is generally not permitted in the original CBD. C: Retail space is generally not permitted in the original CBD. D: Land values are the highest of any zone in the metropolitan area. E: Land values are the lowest of any zone in the metropolitan area.
D: Land values are the highest of any zone in the metropolitan area.
Which of the following types of urban land use is most common on the periphery of cities in Latin America? A: A plaza surrounded by a central business district B: Parks and recreation areas C: Upper-class residential developments D: Residential squatter settlements E: Rail transportation corridors
D: Residential squatter settlements
Which of the following best describes the difference in urban transportation issues faced by cities in different parts of the world? A: Extreme traffic congestion during rush hour is a largely North American issue due to high levels of automobile ownership. B: High rates of ridership on public transit in western Europe and Japan reflect lower income levels compared to the United States. C: Most less developed countries continue to avoid urban transportation issues, but government planners fear development will bring transportation problems. D: The relatively low population density of North American cities encourages automobile use, sprawl, and traffic congestion. E: Many cities around the world are successfully fighting traffic congestion by building more limited-access expressways.
D: The relatively low population density of North American cities encourages automobile use, sprawl, and traffic congestion.
What is a common impact of urbanization regardless of a country's level of economic development? A: Urbanization means a loss of agricultural production due to the loss of farmland and farmworkers. B: Urbanization leads to a more egalitarian society as the difference between urban and rural lifestyles is reduced. C: Urbanization creates a larger cultural and economic gap between urban and rural areas. D: Urbanization creates a labor force with a diversity of job skills and compensation levels. E: Urbanization creates socially and economically diverse cities that have little social conflict.
D: Urbanization creates a labor force with a diversity of job skills and compensation levels.
According to central place theory, the threshold is defined as the A: economic base of a central place B: distance away from a central place C: gross value of the product minus the costs of production D: minimum number of people needed to support a service E: point at which consumer movement is at a minimum
D: minimum number of people needed to support a service
An example of an important physical site characteristic is a A: major airport B: grid street pattern C: major central park D: natural harbor E: public sports facility
D: natural harbor
The multiple-nuclei model of city structure tends to be most applicable to A: small cities B: traditional cities C: Latin American cities D: newer, fast-growing cities E: cities with homogeneous land use
D: newer, fast-growing cities
International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are defining characteristics of A: primate cities B: entrepôts C: forward capitals D: world cities E: edge cities
D: world cities
In the fundamentals of central place theory, which of the following terms is defined as the maximum distance a consumer will travel to acquire a good or service? A: Distance decay B: Threshold C: Cost-to-distance ratio D: Relative location E: Range
E: Range
