APHY 201 - Electrolyte Quiz

When a strong base reacts with the bicarbonate buffer system, ______ is formed from the base.

water If one were to trace the OH- base in NaOH, it would end up as HOH or water and therefore, now as water, cannot effect pH alteration.

The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is potassium.

False

What is the pH range compatible with life?

6.8-8.0 Persons cannot survive long with pH values under 6.8 or over 8.0.

Which condition would cause a drop in pH?

hypoventilation Hypoventilation causes a drop in pH. Breathing slowly increases PCO2.

Most fluid in the body is in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment.

False

A solution that is similar to the osmolality of plasma that will cause no cell damage, it is called:

Isotonic

Which ion is usually exchanged for sodium absorption?

K+ Aldosterone will cause an increase in the reabsorption of sodium, which drives the membrane pump to eliminate potassium at an even higher rate in the kidneys.

The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is __________.

Na+

A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________.

a rise in plasma osmolality

The main factor that causes the kidney to conserve water is _____.

antidiuretic hormone Antidiuretic hormone increases the permeability and absorption of water at the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

When an acid reacts with the bicarbonate buffer system, ______ is formed as an end product.

bicarbonate

When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________.

decreased sodium and water reabsorption ANP reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water retention.

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

glucose

How is the excess tissue fluid mainly returned to the blood?

lymphatic vessels The capillaries lose fluid which is returned though the lymphatic system to the subclavian veins.

Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes?

neurons Nerve and muscle cells are most sensitive to ion changes and must be maintained at stable levels for normal conductivity or contraction.

As total body water decreases, the _____ of the extracellular fluid increases.

osmotic pressure

As total body water decreases, the _____ of the extracellular fluid increases.

osmotic pressure As fluid is lost, the concentration of particles increases, raising the osmotic pressure.

Someone who is suffocating would develop __________.

respiratory acidosis

Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.

salts

Where are most electrolytes normally lost?

urine Although sweating during strenuous activity can cause a drastic loss of electrolytes, the normal control mechanism is the kidneys.

What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment?

hydrostatic pressure Since the hydrostatic pressure component of blood pressure is always slightly higher than the plasma osmotic pressure, some water is constantly lost from the capillaries.

Which of the following favor the development of edema?

hypoproteinemia A drop in blood protein can result in a reduction of the osmotic pressure necessary to move fluids into the capillaries.

The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid, such as plasma, is the __________ buffer system.

bicarbonate The bicarbonate buffer system is the only important extracellular fluid buffer.

ADH has a direct effect on _____.

blood pressure, water reabsorption, blood concentration

In the bicarbonate buffer system, _____ reacts with bases.

carbonic acid It is the acidic component, carbonic acid, that reacts with added bases to minimize pH changes from the base.

Hyperventilation from anxiety usually causes _____.

respiratory alkalosis Excess elimination of carbon dioxide causes an increase in pH from the loss of H+.

Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion?

hydrogen

Metabolic alkalosis is as a result of low pH and low levels of bicarbonate ions.

False

The two principal body fluid compartments are:

Intracellular and extracellular.

Which factor accounts for the ability of the body to conserve high levels of sodium?

aldosterone Aldosterone is the hormone from the adrenal gland which causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium on demand.

Electrolytes are chemical compounds that dissociate in water to form charged particles called ______.

ions

Normal arterial blood pH is __________.

slightly alkaline