Apply knowledge of muscle anatomy and physiology

The hamstring muscles, also known as the rear thighs, make up the backside of the upper leg anatomy. Like the quadriceps, the hamstring muscle group also contains four separate muscles, what are they?

-Biceps Femoris (Long and short head, located on outside of leg) -Semitendinosus (inner thigh portion) -Semimembranosus (near back of knee)

What is the overall quadriceps function?

-Knee Extension (main function). -Hip Flexion.

What are the main functions of the hamstrings?

-Knee Flexion (main function) -Internal Knee Rotation -External Rotation -Hip Extension

Although the rotator cuff muscles are much smaller and essentially unnoticeable as part of the physique, they play an incredibly important role in the body. What roles do they play?

-stabilize the shoulder -provide us with the ability to rotate our upper arms and shoulders through wide ranges of motion.

The quadriceps muscles are the large muscles that make up the front of the thighs. This leg muscle group is popular - It's what most people think of when they hear "leg anatomy." This leg muscle group consists of what four individual muscles?

1. Rectus Femoris (front middle) 2. Vastus Lateralis (front lateral) 3. Vastus Intermedius. 4. Vastus Medialis (Near knee inner side)

What is the main functions of the biceps brachii?

Elbow Flexion : -Bending the arm at the elbow joint. An example of this is when you do a class arm flex to try to impress your friends. Forearm Supination: -Rotating the forearm and hand from side to side. An example of this movement is turning a key to unlock the door. Curling and Pulling: -Unlike most muscles on the front of the body, the biceps are involved in pulling and curling movements as opposed to pushing and pressing movements or exercises. Examples of exercises that work the biceps brachii include barbell curls, barbell bent over rows and pull ups.

The gluteal muscles refer to the individual muscles of the glutes - which we all know is the fancy word for "butt" and its many other nicknames. The three main muscles of the glutes include:

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

List of All Leg Muscles' Functions

Hip Abduction: With a straight hip joint, moving your leg away from the center-line of your body, outward and upward. If you've watched any Kung-Fu/Action/Fighting movies, then you've surely seen hip abduction performed to the extreme with gravity defying mid-air split kicks (sorry, that was the best example I could think of!). Hip Adduction: Moving your leg toward the center-line of your body. A practical way to demonstrate hip adduction is by clenching your legs together as if you're crushing something (an opponent's head maybe?) between your inner thigs. Hip Extension: The movement of straightening the hip joint to increase the angle between your thighs and torso. One way to do this is by moving your leg backward, as exemplified by a "donkey kick" motion (donkey kick also an exercise name); or move your pelvis forward, as demonstrated by the classic pelvic thrust (the "booyah!" and fist pump are optional). Hip Flexion: The movement of bending the hip joint to decrease the angle between your thighs and torso. This is exemplified by the knee-to-chest "tucking" movement performed by divers or gymnasts while flipping; or the chest-to-knee movement, which is done by performing sit-ups or similar movements. Internal & External Hip Rotation: Rotating your upper leg and pelvis to the inside or outside of your body's center line. Try this movement out by standing on one foot with the other leg slightly raised. Then "turn over" the raised leg to the inside (internal rotation) or to the outside (external rotation). Internal & External Knee Rotation: Rotating the lower leg to the inside or outside from a bent-leg position. Try it out by sitting in a chair and putting your heels on the floor. Then pivot on your lower leg by turning your feet so that your toes point toward your body's center-line (internal rotation) or away from your body's center line (external rotation). Knee Extension: Knee extension constitutes the movement from a bent-knee position to a straight-leg position. An example of knee extension is a simple kicking motion - whether that be kicking a football, soccer ball or an armed assailant. Knee Flexion: Knee flexion involves curling your leg backward by raising the heel of your foot toward the ceiling. The action of knee flexion is exemplified kicking yourself *********** with the bottom of your foot. Transverse Hip Adduction: Moving your leg toward the center-line of your body, doing so on a horizontal plane and with your hip joint bent (i.e. the body position - not the movement - is similar to that when reclining in a Lay-Z-Boy). The movement is simply to bring the legs together.

what is the main function of the glutes?

Hip Extension (main function) Hip Abduction

The rotator cuff is a complex and delicate structure of the shoulder anatomy. it is comprised of four individual muscles that aren't as visible as the deltoids, but they are equally (if not more) important. They are located near the shoulder's ball-and-socket joint, what are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff?

Infraspinatus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Minor

There is another arm muscle typically associated with the biceps muscle group. It is the much less known muscle called the brachialis. The brachialis, which is located underneath and on either side of the biceps brachii, assists in the action of elbow flexion. At what point is the biceps brachii fully activated?

Only when the arm is flexing, but not actually moving and so, this muscle is worked in the same exercises as the biceps brachii, but it is only active at a specific point within the movement (flexion).

This part of the deltoid is located on the outside of your shoulder. This is the deltoid head that, if highly developed, gives the effect of having very broad shoulders, as well as the "capped" shoulder look. The main function of this deltoid is shoulder abduction. This movement is characterized by raising your upper arms upward, at your sides. This muscle is targeted in exercises such as the dumbbell lateral raise, dumbbell raise and upright row.

The lateral deltoid

The anatomical name for the main biceps muscle is biceps brachii, which is in Latin. Translated to English, biceps means "two-headed" and brachii means "of the arm." What are the two heads referred to as?

The long head and the short head note: The two heads (i.e. distinct collections of muscle fibers) of the biceps anatomy vary in length, and so, they are known as the short and long biceps heads. They connect to different places on the shoulder/scapula region, but have a common insertion point on the elbow tendon.

This part of the deltoid is located on the back of your shoulder. Its main function is shoulder extension, which is characterized by pulling your upper arms backward and bringing your shoulder blades together. This muscle is targeted in movements like the dumbbell rear deltoid raise, face pull and bent over row. This part of the deltoid is often overlooked, in comparison to the anterior deltoid. This is because trainees tend to emphasize push exercises over pull exercises. The eventual result is a muscular imbalance, which leads to inefficient movement. Even worse, it can cause a postural deficiency...

The posterior deltoid

What are the major muscles of the shoulder?

The shoulder anatomy includes -anterior deltoid -lateral deltoid -posterior deltoid -4 rotator cuff muscles.

All four quadriceps muscles insert into the _____ And with one exception, they all originate from the femur (thigh bone); that exception is the rectus femoris, which originates from the ilium (highest bone on the pelvis), which allows it to play a role in hip flexion.

tibia (shin bone).

What are the major muscle groups of the back?

1. Latissimus Dorsi (Lats) -The latissimus dorsi, also known as the "lats" are the largest and most well-known of all the back muscles. Once large enough, the lats are responsible for your body's "V-taper" because of their protruding appearance under your armpit area and on the back of your ribs. -They are the back muscles most commonly targeted by lifters in the gym. However, many fail to give them the proper attention required to reach their full potential. -Your lats help you in pulling and reaching with your arms, and support your body in a variety of movements and situations. To target your lats, you can use a variety of popular back exercises, including lat pulldowns, pull ups, barbell bent over rows, dumbbell one arm rows, and deadlifts. 2. Trapezius (Traps) -The trapezius muscles are located between your shoulder and your neck. Since they extend higher than the collarbone height, they are most noticeable from the frontal view; although they actually reach all the way down to the lower back region. -The traps consist of three sections of muscle fibers: The lower trapezius, middle trapezius and upper trapezius fibers. -The traps are quite a complex set of muscles. They control the scapulae (shoulder blades), which play a role in shrugging, neck movement, head support, and more. Most guys in the gym don't pay enough attention to the traps, or they pay too much attention to the upper traps. However, an evenly and well developed trapezius muscles can highlight and excellently finish off a physique and prevent shoulder and neck problems. -Shrugs, deadlifts and power cleans hit the upper traps the strongest. Dumbbell rear deltoid raises, cable face pulls, barbell rows and seated rows are better at targeting the middle and lower trapezius fibers. 3. Erector Spinae (Spinal Erectors) -The erector spinae muscles, or spinal erectors, line your spinal column from the lower to the upper back. -The spinal erectors allow you to flex and extend your back in any given direction. They also support and protect your vertebrae, meaning that stronger spinal erectors lead to improved posture and core stabilization. With good back training, they will develop and provide a boost to your total body strength, in addition to improving your back's "thickness," or "density." -Deadlifts are the best exercise for developing these muscles. However, since so many gym-goers never do deadlifts, these crucial muscles typically receive disproportional attention. Although deadlifts are far superior, other exercises can hit these muscles as well. Examples include hyperextensions, the barbell good morning as well as the barbell squat (especially when using heavier loads). 4.Rhomboid (major) -The rhomboid muscle. This muscle is located on the upper portion of the back anatomy, underneath the trapezius. They originate from the vertebrae and insert into the scapulae. The rhomboid muscle is activated as you bring and squeeze your scapula or shoulder blades back and together. -The best back exercises for targeting the rhomboids group are barbell rows, seated rows, t-bar rows, one-arm rows and pull ups/chin ups. 5. Teres Major -The teres major is a small, yet important muscle within the back. It is located underneath the lats, and has adopted the nickname, "The Little Lat." -As you might imagine, the teres major works in conjuction with the lats. But it also is works with the rotator cuff muscles. Its functions include pulling the arms downwards and rotating them inwards. -Straight-arm lat pulldowns and dumbbell pullovers most directly target this muscle. However, such isolation exercise are rarely necessary since you can sufficiently work the terest major using compounds back exercises, including various pull up and rowing movements.-

What are the major muscle groups of the chest?

1. Pectoralis major: -The pectoralis major is a large, substantial, fan-shaped muscle. and as you might guess from the word "major," it makes up the majority of the chest muscle mass. It originates at your clavicle, ribs, and sternum, and inserts into the upper portion of your humerus (upper arm bone from elbow to shoulder.) The pectoralis major helps flex the shoulder joint, and moves your arm toward and across your chest. When training your pecs, you'll likely notice that your shoulders and triceps also benefit. 2. Pectoralis Minor: -The pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle that is found underneath the pectoralis major. It attaches at the 3rd, 4th and 5th rib, and it reaches to the scapula (shoulder blade.) Think of it as the little (yet very powerful) brother of the pactoralis major. Its job is to help pull the shoulder forward and down.

Each deltoid muscle has how many "heads" or distinct parts? what are they?

3 heads: 1.anterior 2.lateral 3.posterior

This part of the deltoid is located on the front of your shoulder. It is the part of the shoulder that borders the chest muscles. Its main function is shoulder flexion, which is characterized by raising your upper arms up to the front and overhead. This muscle is targeted during front raises and pressing exercises (e.g. barbell overhead press, push press).

The anterior deltoid

The biceps anatomy is made up of what?

biceps brachii and the brachialis

They all originate from the ischium (sitting bones), and insert into the tibia. That is, all except for the short head of the biceps femoris; it originates from near the head of the femur (thigh bone) and inserts into the ______

fibula (calf bone).