APUSH 14, 15, 16
100. In general, ____ tended to bind the West and South together, while ____ and ____ connected West to East. a. steamboats, canals, railroads b. railroads, canals, steamboats c. canals, steamboats, turnpikes d. turnpikes, steamboats, canals e. turnpikes, railroads, steamboats
A
31. The plantation system of the Cotton South was a. increasingly monopolistic. b. efficient at utilizing natural resources. c. financially stable. d. attractive to European immigrants. e. unable to expand westward.
A
33. European immigration to the South was discouraged by a. competition with slave labor. b. southern anti-Catholicism. c. Irish antislavery groups. d. immigration barriers enacted by southern states. e. their inability to tolerate the hot climate.
A
34. All told, only about ____ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family. a. one fourth b. one third c. half d. two thirds e. three fourths
A
50. The profitable southern slave system a. hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole. b. saw many slaves moving to the upper South. c. led to the textile industry's development in the South first. d. relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the unquenchable demand for labor. e. enabled the South to afford economic and educational progress.
A
52. Slavery's greatest psychological horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was a. the enforced separation of slave families, whose members could be sold away from each other. b. slaveowners' frequent use of the whip. c. the breeding of slaves. d. having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation. e. forcible sexual assault by slaveowners.
A
55. The overwhelming event for Ireland in the 1840s was a. the rebellion against British rule and potato famine. b. influx of immigrants from mostly Eastern European countries. c. the legalization of the Roman Catholic Church. d. the migration from the countryside to the city. e. the increasing use of English instead of Gaelic.
A
56. Ireland's great export in the 1840s was a. people. b. potatoes. c. wool. d. whiskey. e. music.
A
70. Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of the (A) American Colonization Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, and (C) Liberty party. a. A, B, C b. C, A, B c. B, C, A d. A, C, B e. C, B, A
A
76. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1830, southerners a. placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world. b. were in opposition to the North but on the side of the Western world. c. failed to compare slaves with the northern factory worker. d. allowed considerable dissent in the South. e. aligned themselves with leading European intellectuals.
A
85. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that a. corporations were unconstitutional. b. labor unions were not illegal conspiracies. c. labor strikes were illegal by violating the Fair Labor Acts. d. the Boston Associates' employment of young women in their factories was inhumane. e. the state could regulate factory wages and working conditions.
B
94. The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on a. New England streams. b. western and southern rivers. c. the Great Lakes. d. the Gulf of Mexico. e. coastal waterways.
B
35. ____ said the following quote, "I think we must get rid of slavery or we must get rid of freedom." a. Jefferson Davis b. John C. Calhoun c. Ralph Waldo Emerson d. Abraham Lincoln e. Andrew Johnson
C
99. In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South ____ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed ____; and the East ____ for the other two regions. a. raised grain, southern slaves, processed meat b. grew cotton, southern slaves, made machines and textiles c. grew cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles d. raised grain, eastern factory workers, made furniture and tools e. processed meat, southern slaves, raised grain
C
58. When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they a. preferred urban life. b. were offered high-paying jobs. c. were welcomed by the people living there. d. were too poor to move west and buy land. e. had experience in urban politics.
D
63. When German immigrants came to the United States, they a. often became Baptist or Methodists. b. mixed well with other Americans. c. remained mostly in the Northeast. d. prospered with astonishing ease. e. dropped most of their German customs.
D
64. In the pre-Civil War South, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was a. feigned laziness. b. sabotage of plantation equipment. c. running away. d. armed insurrection. e. stealing food and other goods.
D
62. All of the following are true statements about the relationship between Irish immigrants and U.S. citizens except a. the Irish were seen as wage-depressing competitors for jobs. b. native workers hated the Irish. c. the Irish often saw signs on factory gates that said "No Irish Need Apply." d. race riots between blacks and Irish were common. e. Irish immigrants became fiercely supportive of the abolitionist cause.
E
63. As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South a. formed alliances with white imperialists in Africa. b. adopted British attitudes toward the "peculiar institution." c. emancipated many slaves. d. shed its image as a reactionary backwater. e. developed a theory of biological racial superiority.
E
57. Whether they were propertied or landless, immigrants were often enticed to leave their homelands by a. letters from family or friends in the U.S., bragging about easy opportunities for wealth b. advertisements from companies promising big salaries to those who emigrate. c. greater prospects of finding a suitable husband or wife. d. word that there was free land available in the West. e. None of these
A
64. Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized a. the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner. b. the "Molly Maguires." c. Tammany Hall. d. the Ancient Order of Hibernians. e. the Ku Klux Klan.
A
69. All of the following are true statements about German immigrants except a. they typically settled in Northeast coastal cities. b. they tended to be better educated than mainstream Americans. c. they supported public schools, the arts, and music. d. they championed freedom and fought to end slavery. e. they settled in compact colonies to preserve their language and culture.
A
77. As a result of the development of the cotton gin a. slavery revived and expanded. b. American industry bought more southern cotton than did British manufacturers. c. a nationwide depression ensued. d. the South diversified its economy. e. the textile industry moved to the South.
A
77. Those in the North who opposed the abolitionists believed that these opponents of slavery a. were creating disorder in America. b. were defending the American way of life. c. deserved the right to speak freely. d. had turned their backs on religion. e. were undermining fundamental American beliefs.
A
79. The early factory system distributed its benefits a. mostly to the owners. b. evenly to all. c. primarily in the South. d. to workers represented by unions. e. to overseas investors.
A
81. By the time of the fabled London World's Fair in 1851, American products were prominent among the world's commercial wonders, which included all of the following except a. Edison's phonograph. b. Goodyear's vulcanized rubber goods. c. Colt's firearms. d. Morse's telegraph. e. McCormick's reaper.
A
82. The American workforce in the early nineteenth century was characterized by a. substantial employment of women and children in factories. b. strikes by workers that were few in number but usually effective. c. a general lengthening of the workday from ten to fourteen hours. d. extensive political activity among workers. e. reliance on the system of apprentices and masters.
A
89. The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to encourage a. specialized, cash-crop agriculture. b. slavery. c. self-sufficient farming. d. heavy industry. e. higher tariffs.
A
96. Construction of the Erie Canal a. forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations. b. showed how long-established local markets could survive a continental economy. c. helped farmers so much that industrialization was slowed. d. was aided by federal money. e. created political tensions between the Northeast and the Midwest.
A
97. Most early railroads in the United States were built in the a. North. b. Old South. c. lower Mississippi Valley. d. Far West. e. Appalachian Mountains.
A
102. As the new continental market economy grew a. individual households became increasingly self-sufficient. b. the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world. c. traditional women's work became more highly valued and increasingly important. d. respect for women as homemakers declined. e. the home lost most of its importance for family life.
B
27. Members of the planter aristocracy a. produced fewer front-rank statesmen than the North. b. dominated society and politics in the South. c. provided democratic rule in the South. d. promoted tax-supported public education. e. kept up with developments in modern thought.
B
38. By 1860, three-quarters of all southern whites did not own slaves, but instead a. lived and worked in the emerging cities of the South. b. eked out a living in the mountains and backcountry raising corn and hogs. c. owned small farms where they and their families raised cotton. d. farmed a mixture of wheat, tobacco and cotton. e. None of these
B
43. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because a. they opposed slavery. b. they could not afford the purchase price. c. their urban location did not require them. d. their racism would not allow them to work alongside African Americans. e. they feared the possibility of slave revolts.
B
44. The most pro-Union of the white southerners were a. plantation owners. b. mountain whites. c. small slaveowners. d. nonslaveowning subsistence farmers. e. people with northern economic interests.
B
46. Life on the frontier was a. fairly comfortable for women but not for men. b. downright grim for most pioneer families. c. free of disease and premature death. d. rarely portrayed in popular literature. e. based on tight-knit communities.
B
47. All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth-century America except a. the push west in search of cheap land. b. government regulation of all major economic activity. c. a vast number of European immigrants settling in the cities. d. newly invented machinery. e. better roads, faster steamboats, further-reaching canals, and tentacle-stretching railroads.
B
49. For women, life on the frontier was especially difficult because they a. were more susceptible to disease and premature death than men. b. experienced extreme loneliness, and could go weeks without seeing another person. c. had to live in three-sided lean-to homes made of sticks. d. were required to help clear the land and do the housework. e. None of these
B
50. In early-nineteenth-century America, the a. annual population growth rate was much higher than in colonial days. b. urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate. c. birthrate was rapidly declining. d. death rate was increasing. e. center of population moved northward.
B
51. Regarding work assignments, slaves were a. given some of the most dangerous jobs. b. sometimes spared dangerous work. c. given the same jobs as Irish laborers. d. usually given skilled rather than menial jobs. e. generally supervised in small groups.
B
52. Ecological imperialism can best be described as a. the efforts of white settlers to take land from Native Americans. b. the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty. c. humans' domination over the animal kingdom. d. the spread of technology and industry. e. the practice of using spectacular natural settings as symbols of America.
B
53. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in the a. border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland. b. Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. c. old South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. d. new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. e. mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky.
B
60. Most slaves were raised a. without the benefit of a stable home life. b. in stable two-parent households. c. never knowing anything about their relatives. d. not to display their African cultural roots. e. without religion.
B
61. German immigrants to the United States a. quickly became a powerful political force. b. came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government. c. were as poor as the Irish. d. contributed little to American life. e. were almost all Roman Catholics.
B
62. Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except by a. slowing down the work pace. b. conducting periodic successful slave rebellions. c. sabotaging expensive equipment. d. pilfering goods that their labor had produced. e. running away from their masters.
B
65. The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called a. the cult of domesticity. b. nativism. c. racism. d. rugged individualism. e. patriotism.
B
66. Between 1830 and 1860, nearly ____ million Irish arrived in America. a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 8 e. 10
B
68. In 1839, enslaved Africans rose up aboard the Spanish slave ship a. Isabelle. b. Amistad. c. Gerriere. d. La Nina. e. El Liberte.
B
69. Match each abolitionist below with his publication. A. William Lloyd Garrison 1. Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World B. Theodore Dwight Weld 2. The Liberator C. Frederick Douglass 3. Narration of the Life of ____ D. David Walker 4. American Slavery as It Is a. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2 b. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 c. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 d. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 e. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
B
73. Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the a. steamboat. b. cotton gin. c. railroad locomotive. d. telegraph. e. repeating revolver.
B
74. A great deal of the cotton produced in the American South in the early nineteenth century was a. produced by free labor. b. sold to New England textile mills. c. grown on the Atlantic tidewater plains. d. consumed by the southern textile industry. e. combined with wool to make linsey-woolsey fabrics.
B
75. Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was a. produced by free labor. b. sold to England. c. grown on the tidewater plains. d. consumed by the southern textile industry. e. of the long-staple variety.
B
76. The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed a. on southern plantations. b. in the New England textile industry. c. in rapidly growing Chicago. d. in railroads and ship building. e. in coal and iron mining regions.
B
80. Match each individual below with the correct invention. A. Samuel Morse 1. telegraph B. Cyrus McCormick 2. mower-reaper C. Elias Howe 3. steamboat D. Robert Fulton 4. sewing machine a. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 b. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 c. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 d. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 e. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
B
101. All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy except a. how tightly should patents protect inventions? b. should the government regulate monopolies? c. can a democratic government still support slavery? d. who should own these new technologies? e. who should own the new transportation network?
C
26. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin a. fewer slaves were needed on the plantations. b. short-staple cotton lost popularity. c. slavery was reinvigorated. d. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery. e. the African slave trade was legalized.
C
36. As their main crop, southern subsistence farmers raised a. cotton. b. tobacco. c. corn. d. rice. e. sugar cane.
C
40. In society's basement in the South of 1860 were nearly ____ million black human chattels. a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8 e. 10
C
41. By the mid-nineteenth century a. most southerners owned slaves. b. the smaller slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves. c. most slaves lived on large plantations. d. slavery was a dying institution. e. southerners were growing defensive about slavery.
C
42. Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by a. Susan B. Anthony. b. Lucrecia Mott. c. Harriet Beecher Stowe. d. Margaret Fuller. e. Harriet Tubman.
C
46. The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to a. the reopening of the African slave trade in 1808. b. larger imports of slaves from the West Indies. c. natural reproduction. d. reenslavement of free blacks. e. the deliberate breeding of slaves by plantation owners.
C
51. The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860 a. led to a lower death rate. b. contributed to a decline in the birthrate. c. resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities. d. forced the federal government to slow immigration. e. created sharp political conflict between farmers and urbanites.
C
56. In some counties of the deep South, especially along the lower Mississippi River, blacks accounted for more than ____ percent of the population. a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 85 e. 95
C
58. Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common a. in the Deep South. b. on the large plantations. c. on small plantations and in the upper South. d. in the decade before the Civil War. e. as a punishment for running away.
C
59. Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because these immigrants a. were poor. b. were thought to love alcohol. c. were Roman Catholic. d. frequently became police officers. e. were slow to learn English.
C
61. Slaves were denied an education because a. it would take time away from their work in the fields and households of white masters. b. the cost of education was far more than masters would want to spend on slaves. c. masters believed that reading brought new ideas that might lead to their discontent. d. their labor did not require literacy or math skills. e. masters feared their slaves might become smarter than white owners.
C
65. Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. Nat Turner b. David Walker c. John Quincy Adams d. Denmark Vesey e. Gabriel
C
68. Native-born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would a. want to attend school with Protestants. b. overwhelm the native-born Catholics and control the church. c. establish the Catholic Church at the expense of Protestantism. d. assume control of the Know-Nothing party. e. establish monasteries and convents in the West.
C
74. The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning of the a. 1790s. b. 1820s. c. 1830s. d. 1840s. e. 1850s.
C
78. The underlying basis for modern mass production was a. unionized labor. b. Supreme Court rulings that favored laissez-faire. c. the use of interchangeable parts. d. the principle of limited liability. e. the passing of protective tariffs.
C
88. One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was to a. raise children who were obedient to authority. b. allow parents to spoil their children. c. raise independent individuals. d. increase the number of children. e. preserve childhood innocence.
C
90. With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West a. subsistence farming became common. b. farmers began to support the idea of slave labor. c. farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness. d. the South could harvest a larger crop. e. the issue of farm surpluses came to the fore.
C
103. A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was a. a lessening of the gap between great wealth and poverty. b. a stabilization of the work force in industrial cities. c. the declining significance of American agriculture. d. a steady improvement in average wages and standards of living. e. the growing realization of the rags-to-riches American dream.
D
30. Plantation mistresses a. had little contact with slaves. b. primarily controlled male slaves. c. frequently supported abolitionism. d. commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves. e. were almost universally loved by their slaves.
D
39. Slaves regarded the least prosperous, nonslaveholding whites as a. potential, yet undesirable, masters. b. their equals in doing the least desirable work. c. violent, rabble-rousers who often picked on slaves. d. hillbillies and "poor white trash" - too lazy to work. e. dirty, diseased, and malnourished.
D
45. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of a. the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807. b. purchase by northern abolitionists. c. fleeing to mountain hideaways. d. purchasing their way out of slavery with money earned after hours. e. the objection to slaveholding by some white women.
D
49. All of the following are true statements about free blacks except a. they were banned from entering several northern states. b. they were always vulnerable to being hijacked back into slavery in the South. c. slaveholders feared that they were living examples of what might be achieved with emancipation. d. in the North, they forged ties with the Irish, who similarly worked in menial jobs. e. most states denied them the right to vote.
D
54. As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveowners most often used the a. promise of eventual freedom. b. reward of some legal rights. c. right to hold private property. d. whip as a motivator. e. threat of death.
D
54. The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the a. 1810s and 1820s. b. 1820s and 1830s. c. 1830s and 1840s. d. 1840s and 1850s. e. 1860s and 1870s.
D
67. Irish immigrants typically worked in all of the following occupations except a. domestic servants. b. construction workers. c. day laborers. d. silversmiths. e. saloon owners.
D
71. Identify the following statement that is false. a. Land was cheap in America; this helped fuel the immigration flux. b. Money for capital investment was not plentiful in pioneering America. c. Foreign capital was dependent upon security in property rights, sufficient infrastructure, an adequate work force, and political stability. d. Even though capital was lacking, raw materials were widely developed and discovered in America. e. The country had a difficult time producing goods of high quality and cheap cost to compete with mass-produced European products.
D
72. The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was a. Robert Fulton. b. Samuel F. B. Morse. c. Eli Whitney. d. Samuel Slater. e. Thomas Edison.
D
73. Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840, when they backed the presidential candidate of the a. Free Soil party. b. Republican party. c. Know-Nothing party. d. Liberty party. e. Anti-Masonic party.
D
83. All of the following are true statements about the workers in the Lowell factory system except a. they were virtually all New England farm girls. b. they were carefully supervised on and off the job by watchful matrons. c. they lived in company boardinghouses and were forbidden to form unions. d. they worked five days a week for twelve to thirteen hours a day. e. they labored under grueling working conditions.
D
86. The cult of domesticity a. gave women more opportunity to seek employment outside the home. b. resulted in more pregnancies for women. c. restricted women's moral influence on the family. d. glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers. e. was especially strong among rural women.
D
92. After the construction of the Lancaster Turnpike and the Cumberland (National) Road, road building slowed somewhat because of a. corruption in construction contracts. b. the inability to construct hard-surface highways. c. eastern states' opposition. d. the steamboat and canal boom. e. the reluctance of shippers to move their products by road.
D
93. Western road building faced all of the following problems except a. the expense. b. states' rights advocates' opposition. c. eastern states' opposition. d. competition from canals. e. wartime interruptions.
D
28. All the following were true of the American economy under Cotton Kingdom except a. cotton accounted for half the value of all American exports after 1840. b. the South produced more than half the entire world's supply of cotton. c. 75 percent of the British supply of cotton came from the South. d. quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise. e. the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade.
E
29. Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because a. it relied mainly on artificial means to fertilize the soil. b. it required leaving cropland fallow every other year. c. excessive water was used for irrigation. d. it was too diversified, thus taking essential nutrients from the soil. e. its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land.
E
32. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that a. it relied on a one-crop economy. b. it repelled a large-scale European immigration. c. it stimulated racism among poor whites. d. it created an aristocratic political elite. e. its land continued to remain in the hands of the small farmers.
E
37. Most white southerners were a. planter aristocrats. b. small slaveowners. c. merchants and artisans. d. "poor white trash." e. subsistence farmers.
E
47. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as a. supporting their right to full citizenship. b. disliking the race but liking individual blacks. c. advocating black movement into the new territories. d. politically sympathetic but socially segregationist. e. disliking the individuals but liking the race.
E
48. For free blacks living in the North a. living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites. b. voting rights were widespread. c. good jobs were plentiful. d. education opened the door to economic opportunity. e. discrimination was common.
E
48. Pioneering Americans marooned by geography a. never took the time to explore the beauty of the natural landscape. b. grew to depend on other people for most of their basic needs. c. abandoned the rugged individualism of colonial Americans. d. never looked for any help beyond their immediate family. e. were often ill informed, superstitious, provincial, and fiercely individualistic.
E
53. George Catlin advocated a. placing Indians on reservations. b. efforts to protect America's endangered species. c. continuing the rendezvous system. d. keeping white settlers out of the West. e. the preservation of nature as a national policy.
E
55. All of the following were characteristic of slaves in the mid-nineteenth century United States except a. slaves had no civil or political rights. b. slaves usually toiled from dusk to dawn in the fields. c. slaves had minimal protection from murder or unusually cruel punishment. d. slaves were forbidden to testify in court and their marriages were not legal. e. floggings were very uncommon and rare.
E
57. By 1860, life for slaves was most difficult in the a. Atlantic states of North and South Carolina. b. Deep South states of Georgia and Florida. c. territories of Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico. d. upper South states of Virginia and Maryland. e. newer states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
E
59. All of the following were true of slavery in the South except that a. slave life on the frontier was harder than that of life in the more settled areas. b. a distinctive African American slave culture developed. c. a typical planter had too much of his own prosperity riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them on a regular basis. d. by 1860, most slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" of the Deep South. e. most slaves were raised in single unstable parent households.
E
60. German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to a. settle in eastern industrial cities. b. assimilate themselves well into American culture. c. become slave-owners. d. join the temperance movement. e. preserve their own language and culture.
E
66. The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was a. proposed by William Lloyd Garrison. b. proposed as part of the Fourteenth Amendment. c. advocated by Frederick Douglass. d. suggested by the African nation of Liberia. e. supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.
E
67. The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was a. a recognition of blacks' desire to preserve their culture. b. never carried out. c. advocated by Frederick Douglass. d. proposed by the African nation of Liberia. e. an expression of widespread American racism.
E
70. Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860 a. depressed the economy due to their poverty. b. found themselves involved in few cultural conflicts. c. had little impact on society until after the Civil War. d. settled mostly in the South. e. helped to fuel economic expansion.
E
71. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to a. shipping freed blacks back to Africa. b. outlawing the slave trade. c. preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South. d. forming an antislavery political party. e. the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.
E
72. Match each abolitionist below with his role in the movement. A. Wendell Phillips 1. abolitionist martyr B. Frederick Douglass 2. black abolitionist C. Elijah P. Lovejoy 3. abolitionist golden trumpet D. William Lloyd Garrison 4. abolitionist newspaper publisher a. A-4, B-2, C-l, D-3 b. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 c. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 e. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
E
75. Proslavery whites defended the institution of slavery in all of the following ways except a. they claimed slavery was supported by the Bible. b. slaveholders said slavery lifted Africans from the barbarism of the jungle and gave them Christian civilization. c. Slaveholders claimed that master-slave relationships resembled a family. d. they said that slaves toiled under better working conditions than factory workers and hired hands in the North. e. they claimed that slaves were set free once they reached old age.
E
78. "Varying Viewpoints" notes that Ulrich B. Phillips made certain claims about slavery that have been challenged in recent years. Which of the following is not one of his conclusions? a. Slaves were racially inferior. b. Slavery was a dying economic institution. c. Planters treated their slaves with kindly paternalism. d. Slaves were passive by nature and did not abhor slavery. e. Slavery was comparable to the Nazi concentration camps.
E
84. One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was a. support gained from the United States Supreme Court. b. the passage of minimum wage laws. c. the passage of laws restricting the use of strikebreakers. d. the enactment of immigration restrictions. e. the enfranchisement of the laboring man.
E
87. Early-nineteenth-century American families a. were becoming more loosely knit and less affectionate. b. usually included three generations in the same household. c. taught their children to be unquestioningly obedient. d. usually allowed parents to determine choice of marriage partners. e. were getting smaller.
E
91. The first major transportation project, which ran sixty-two miles from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the a. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. b. National (Cumberland) Road. c. Erie Canal. d. St. Lawrence Seaway. e. Lancaster Turnpike.
E
95. The canal era of American history began with the construction of the a. Mainline Canal in Pennsylvania. b. James River and Kanasha Canal from Virginia to Ohio. c. Wabash Canal in Indiana. d. Suez Canal in Illinois. e. Erie Canal in New York.
E
98. Compared with canals, railroads a. were more expensive to construct. b. transported freight more slowly. c. were generally safer. d. were susceptible to weather delays. e. could be built almost anywhere.
E
