APUSH 1800-1848

"Mississippi planter and agricultural reformer M. W. Phillips, a regular contributor to the American Cotton Planter, wrote about soil exhaustion and crop rotation, and extolled the virtues of manuring and self-provisioning. In one of his most widely reproduced articles, Phillips condemned planters before whom 'everything has to bend [and] give way to large crops of cotton.' . . . "Phillips imagined the cotton economy in terms of flows of energy, nutrients, and fertility, all of which he was convinced were being expended at an unsustainable rate. He used images of human, animal, and mineral depletion to represent an onrushing ecological catastrophe. But he did so within the incised [limited] terms allowed him by his culture—the culture of cotton. Phillips was arguing that the slaveholding South needed to slow the rate at which it was converting human beings into cotton plants." In the first half of the 1800s, which of the following resulted from the debates about cotton economy described the excerpt?

A distinct southern economic and cultural identity emerged.

According to the "Cult of Domesticity," a women's proper role was...

Acting as a moral leader and proper educator for the family

"The conduct of the Abolitionists, in distributing their incendiary publications...in the slave holding States, in violation of their laws and in contravention of the spirit of the constitution of the United States... is wholly unjustifiable—a contempt of public opinion, a flagrant outrage against the society which affords them protection, and a high offense against the principles of morality, because their whole conduct is predicated on a total recklessness of consequences, which can only proceed from depravity of heart or desperate infatuation." The fundamental question addressed by the author is whether...

American democratic ideals can be reconciled with the practice of slavery

In the 1830s and 1840s, all of the following were generally true about immigration except...

An overwhelming majority of native-born Americans welcomed the immigrants as a cheap source of labor

"Jackson truly believed that, compared to his predecessors' combination of high-minded rhetoric, treachery, and abandonment, his Indian policy was 'just and humane.' . . . ". . . Jackson's paternalism was predicated on his assumption, then widely but not universally shared by white Americans, that all Indians . . . were [irrational] and inferior to all whites. His promises about voluntary and compensated relocation . . . were constantly undermined by delays and by sharp dealing by War Department negotiators—actions Jackson condoned. . . . Jackson tried to head off outright fraud, but the removal bill allotment scheme invited an influx of outside speculators, who wound up buying between 80 and 90 percent of the land owned by Indians who wished to stay at a fraction of its actual worth. At no point did Jackson consider allowing even a small number of Georgia Cherokees who preferred to stay to do so in select enclaves, an option permitted to small numbers of Iroquois in upstate New York and Cherokees in western North Carolina. . . . Bereft of long-term planning and a full-scale federal commitment, the realities of Indian removal belied Jackson's rhetoric. Although the worst suffering was inflicted after he left office, Jackson cannot escape responsibility for setting in motion an insidious policy that uprooted tens of thousands of Choctaws and Creeks [from the Southeast] during his presidency." Which of the following claims is supported by the author's main argument in the excerpt?

Andrew Jackson can be blamed for the unintended effects of the Indian Removal

"The duties of all public officers are, or at least admit of being made, so plain and simple that more is lost by the long continuance of men in office than is generally to be gained by their experience." This statement best reflects the views of...

Andrew Jackson(aka Old Hickory)

The Gag Resolution passed by the House of Representatives in 1836 was passed to prevent...

Any expansions of slavery, and or petitions relating to slavery-without any hearing/mention them

Which of the following is true of Ralph Waldo Emerson and other American Transcendentalists?

Argued for the importance of human intuition and individualism

Jackson's Independent Treasury Plan called for...

Martin Van Buren and his advisers hope that an independent treasury would stabilize the American Financial System by refusing poorly managed state bands access to government funds(which they might use recklessly)

In the 1830s, the factor that directly promoted the development of a two-party system was...

Changes in the way that people could be nominated for a government position and the electing of the president

After the election of 1824, the president's choice of Henry Clay as Secretary of State resulted in...

Charges of a Corrupt Bargain with John Quincy Adams

Which of the following events occurred first? (Nullification Crisis)

Confrontations between the state of South Carolina and the federal government(1832-1833); over the formers attempt to declare and null and voice the state of its federal tariffs. John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay were involved in the crisis which also occurred during Andrew Jackson's presidency. The ending of it was the Compromise Tariff of 1833

During the 1840s, large numbers of Irish immigrated to the United States mainly because of...

Famine resulting from the failure of the potato crop

An important effect of the Tariff of Abominations of 1828 was...

Greatly increased the resentment toward the North(feeling/s that woukd later lead to the nations civil war, specifically South Carolina)

The Second Great Awakening was characterized by all of the following except...

Growing unity among Protestant churches

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch— AND I WILL BE HEARD." What are the authors thoughts on slavery?

He spoke passionately against slavery and didn't agree with those who owned slaves.

"And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited." What is prohibited in the territory north of the 36°30'?

Slavery and involuntary servitude

The leading spokesperson for the tax-supported public school movement was...

Horace Mann

"Jackson truly believed that, compared to his predecessors' combination of high-minded rhetoric, treachery, and abandonment, his Indian policy was 'just and humane.' . . . ". . . Jackson's paternalism was predicated on his assumption, then widely but not universally shared by white Americans, that all Indians . . . were [irrational] and inferior to all whites. His promises about voluntary and compensated relocation . . . were constantly undermined by delays and by sharp dealing by War Department negotiators—actions Jackson condoned. . . . Jackson tried to head off outright fraud, but the removal bill allotment scheme invited an influx of outside speculators, who wound up buying between 80 and 90 percent of the land owned by Indians who wished to stay at a fraction of its actual worth. At no point did Jackson consider allowing even a small number of Georgia Cherokees who preferred to stay to do so in select enclaves, an option permitted to small numbers of Iroquois in upstate New York and Cherokees in western North Carolina. . . . Bereft of long-term planning and a full-scale federal commitment, the realities of Indian removal belied Jackson's rhetoric. Although the worst suffering was inflicted after he left office, Jackson cannot escape responsibility for setting in motion an insidious policy that uprooted tens of thousands of Choctaws and Creeks [from the Southeast] during his presidency." Which of the following describes a context that influenced the implementation of the government policy discussed in the excerpt?

Many Americans desired the United States to expand its western land claims

Jackson had the "Specie Circular" issued in 1836 because he...

It required payment for public lands be in gold and silver specie or certain sound money, thus making paper money devalued. This executive order contributed to the panic of 1837(economic fall). This was due to banks passing out bad loans that they could not pay off

All of the following were true of the temperance movement except...

It was largely restricted to the southern states

"No roads marked the way to the traveler in California then: but, guided by the sun and well-known mountain peaks, we proceeded on our journey. . . . Some forty or fifty men were at work with the cradle machines, and were averaging about eight ounces [of gold] per day to the man. But a few moments passed before I was knee deep in water, with my wash-basin full of dirt, plunging it about endeavoring to separate the dirt from the gold. After washing some fifty pans of dirt, I found I had realized about four bits' worth of gold. Reader, do you know how [one] feels when the gold fever heat has suddenly fallen to about zero? I do. . . . The Indians who were working for Capts. Sutter and Weber gave them leading information, so that they were enabled to know the direction in which new discoveries were to be made. . . . "The morals of the miners of '48 should here be noticed. No person worked on Sunday at digging for gold. . . . We had ministers of the gospel amongst us, but they never preached. Religion had been forgotten, even by its ministers, and instead of their pointing out the narrow way which leads to eternal happiness . . . they might have been seen, with pick-axe and pan, traveling untrodden [untraveled] ways in search of . . . treasure . . . or drinking good health and prosperity with friends." Which of the following developments resulting most directly from the gold rush described in the excerpt?

People from America to Europe and Asia migrated to the region.

The Election (Revolution) of 1828 revealed that political power was...

Shifting to the western states

Which of the following documents would be most useful in evaluating President Jackson's commitment to Democratic values?

Veto messages in the recharting of the second National Bank of the US

"Antebellum planters . . . were very interested in the control of black movement. They were also keen to master their slaves' senses of pleasure. Seeking to contain [African Americans] even further than laws, curfews, bells, horns, and patrols already did, some planters used plantation [parties] as a paternalist mechanism of social control. Plantation parties, which carefully doled out joy on Saturday nights and holidays, were intended to seem benevolent and to inspire respect, gratitude, deference, and importantly, obedience. . . . The most important component of paternalistic plantation parties was the legitimating presence of the master. ". . . [Yet] again and again, slaves sought out illicit, secular gatherings of their own creation. They disregarded curfews and pass laws to escape to secret parties where . . . pleasures such as drinking, eating, dancing, and dressing up were the main amusements. . . . ". . . In the context of enslavement, such exhilarating pleasure . . . must be understood as important and meaningful enjoyment, as personal expression, and as oppositional." Which of the following best describes a context in the first half of the 1800s that influenced the development of slavery as described in the excerpt?

Southern planters used enslaved people to produce cotton for the international market.

"Texas has been absorbed into the Union as the inevitable fulfillment of the general law which is rolling our population westward....It was disintegrated from Mexico in the natural course of events, by a process perfectly legitimate on its own part, blameless on ours....California will, probably next fall away from...Mexico...imbecile and distracted...The Anglo-Saxon foot is already on its borders....All this without agency of our government, without responsibility of our people—in the natural flow of events, the spontaneous working of principles..." Which conflict began almost immediately after the annexation of Texas?

The Mexican American War

"The great fundamental principle of Abolitionists is that man cannot rightfully hold his fellow man as property. Therefore, we affirm that... [every man] has inalienable rights he cannot rightfully be reduced to slavery...So far from thinking that a slaveholder is bound by the immoral and unconstitutional laws of the southern states, we hold that he is solemnly bound as a man, as an American, to break them, and that immediately and openly." The roots of the movement to which the author belonged were based most strongly in...

The Second Great Awakening

"No roads marked the way to the traveler in California then: but, guided by the sun and well-known mountain peaks, we proceeded on our journey. . . . Some forty or fifty men were at work with the cradle machines, and were averaging about eight ounces [of gold] per day to the man. But a few moments passed before I was knee deep in water, with my wash-basin full of dirt, plunging it about endeavoring to separate the dirt from the gold. After washing some fifty pans of dirt, I found I had realized about four bits' worth of gold. Reader, do you know how [one] feels when the gold fever heat has suddenly fallen to about zero? I do. . . . The Indians who were working for Capts. Sutter and Weber gave them leading information, so that they were enabled to know the direction in which new discoveries were to be made. . . . "The morals of the miners of '48 should here be noticed. No person worked on Sunday at digging for gold. . . . We had ministers of the gospel amongst us, but they never preached. Religion had been forgotten, even by its ministers, and instead of their pointing out the narrow way which leads to eternal happiness . . . they might have been seen, with pick-axe and pan, traveling untrodden [untraveled] ways in search of . . . treasure . . . or drinking good health and prosperity with friends." Which of the following developments goes directly led to the activities described in the excerpt?

The acquisition of significant territory following the Mexican American War

"It was not automatically apparent how any of the filibustering targets of the post-1848 period could 'fit' into an American republic, or even into an American empire. . . . While it seemed only logical to some to simply take all of Mexico as booty [spoils] of the war, cut Mexico up, and turn it into new territories and states, most Americans rejected this idea. They did so because central Mexico was densely populated. . . . Many Americans feared the result of the integration of Mexico's people into the United States. Critics also doubted whether Americans could be happy in the alien landscape of central and southern Mexico." The author of this passage would suggest that the historical situation described in the excerpt contributes to...

The continued alteration of Native American culture and society

President Jackson's response to Supreme Court decisions on the treaty rights of Native Americans resulted in which of the following?

The forced removal of the Cherokees from their home-land(located in Georgia)

Which is typically not associated with Jacksonian Democracy reforms?

The idea of gaining supporters through appealing to the "common man"

"The laity [church members] . . . saw to it that the Second Great Awakening exerted much of its influence through purposeful voluntary associations, typically headed by boards of directors on which laypersons appeared prominently. . . . "Contemporaries called the interlocking, interdenominational directorates of these organizations "the Evangelical United Front" or "the Benevolent Empire." . . . "The social reforms embraced by the Evangelical United Front characteristically involved creating some form of personal discipline serving a goal or redemption. Prison reform serves as an example: No longer would the prison be intended only as a place to hold persons awaiting trial, coerce debt payment, or inflict retributive justice. Reformers reconceived the prison as corrective function, as a 'penitentiary' or 'reformatory,' in the vocabulary they invented. Besides prisoners, other people who did not function as free moral agents might become objects of the reformers' concern: alcoholics, children, slaves, the insane. The goal of the reformers in each case was to substitute for external constraints the inner discipline of morality. Some historians have interpreted the religious reformers as motivated simply by an impulse to impose 'social control,' but it seems more accurate to describe their concern as redemptive, and more specifically the creation of responsible personal autonomy. Liberation and control represented two sides of the redemptive process as they conceived it. Christians who had achieved self-liberation and self-control through conversion not surprisingly often turned to a concern with the liberation and discipline of others. . . . "The religious awakenings of the early nineteenth century marshaled powerful energies in an age when few other social agencies in the United States had the capacity to do so. [The] Evangelical United Front organized its voluntary associations on a national, indeed international, level, at a time when little else in American society was organized, when there existed no nationwide business corporation save the Second Bank of the United States and no nationwide government bureaucracy save the Post Office. Indeed, the four major evangelical denominations together employed twice as many people, occupied twice as many premises, and raised at least three times as much money as the Post Office." Which of the following describes a piece of evidence to support the author's stance about the motivations of religious reformers?

They desired to teach people personal autonomy.

Jacksonian Democrats favored all of the following except...

Universal Suffrage for white males

The abolitionist movement had the effect of...

bringing the issue of slavery to the forefront of the reform movement

Dorothea Dix was inspired to dedicate her life to a humanitarian crusade by...

discovery of the confinement of the mentally ill in local jails

Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following groups except...

new immigrants, such as the Germans and the Irish

Nativist reaction to immigration resulted in...

the formation of the Know-Nothing party

The main issue in the presidential campaign of 1832 was...

the recharter of the Bank of the US