APUSH CH 8-14

Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in the early 19th century America?

It brought workers together under one roof in a factory.

Which of the following describes The book of Mormon, published in 1830?

It claimed that Jesus christ visited an ancient american civilization soon after his resurrection

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system>

Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories.

What feature of the lakota sioux protected it from the epidemics that decimated other native American groups in the nineteenth century?

Its small groups and nomadic lifestyle

How did President Jackson change the federal system of office holding?

Jackson introduced the principle of rotation in office to discourage long tenure.

Which of the following statements characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions towards Native Americans during his presidency?

Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.

In which of the following ways was Chief Justice Roger Taney different from his predecessors, John Marshall?

Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored state rights'

Which of the following statements describes the place of emancipation in the Union's war aims in 1861 and 1862?

Moderate Republican leaders began to redefine the war as a struggle, not only against Confederate armies, but also against the institution of slavery.

In the first half of the 19th century, American manufacturers' main advantages over the British mills was the had access to

More natural resourses

Which of the following characterizes the impact of republican ideology on child-rearing in America in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

More parents began to treat their children more permissively and respectfully.

Why did President Johnson veto the Freedman's Bureau law and Civil Rights Act in 1866?

These two pieces of legislation posed too great a challenge to his deeply racist views.

Which of the following describes the nineteenth century shakers?

They allowed both women and men to govern their communities.

Which of the following describes the minstrel shows that became popular in American cities in the 1840s?

They were pioneered by P.T. Barnum. Who founded the barnum and bailey circus

Why was the election of 1876 significant?

The outcome was determined by an electoral commision established by Congress.

From 1854 to 1856, which of the following was the fundamental principle all republicans agreed on?

An absolute opposition to the expansion of slavery into any new territories

On whom did President Jackson rely for political advice?

An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet

Which of the following describe John Tyler and his presidency?

He so angered the Whigs that he was kicked out of the party while president.

The popular 1844 phrase "fifty four forty or fight!" Served as

A push for American control of the entire Oregon territory

Why did Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the U.S in 1832?

He thought it interfered with the rights of the states and the liberties of the people.

What did alexis de tocqueville mean when he used the term individualism to describe american society in 1835?

Americans lived in social isolation, without any ties to caste, class, association, or family.

Which of the following describes the publication letters from an American farmer?

A book written by French essayist in 1782 that praised American egalitarianism and condemned European aristocracy.

What was the Second Great Awakening that took place in the United States in the 19th century?

A long-lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious scoety.

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the nineteenth century south?

About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the souths slave population.

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry?

African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long

Which of the following statements characterizes the role played by African Americans in the Civil War?

African Americans served in segregated regiments and fought courageously.

Which of the following describes the changes in slaves living conditions in the early nineteenth century?

As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the breakup of families through sale by their owners.

How did the spread of industrialization in the United States during the 1820s and 1830s affect skilled artisans

As machines changed the nature of their work, shoemakers, hatters, printers, furniture makers, and weavers faced declining income, job insecurity, and loss of status.

Which of the following describes the state of Southern society in the early nineteenth century?

Because hard work was associated with slaves, white men resented doing physical labor.

Which of these factors was critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the 19th century?

Better transportation networks.

Southern whites responded to the end of slavery by enacting

Black Codes

WHich of the following groups composed the largest percentage of registered voters in Alabama and Mississippi in the late 1860's?

Black republicans

How did evangelical Christians spread religious revival during the Second Great Awakening?

By holding large camp meetings

How did the Union raise money to pay for most of its Civil War costs?

By issuing interest-paying treasury bonds.

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the 19th century?

By passing protective tariffs

Despite stiff mexican resistance, American forces also secured control of which future state in 1847?

California

Which of the following became critical community institutions for African Americans throughout the South during Reconstruction?

Churches

Under the task system, slaves were required to...

Complete a precisely defined job each day

The oneida community, founded in 1839 by John Humphrey Noyes, was known for which of the following practices?

Complex marriage

Which of the following statements describes the Freedmen's Bureau, which originated in 1865?

Created by Congress, it help ex-slaves adjust to freedom and secure their basic civil rights.

The movement toward secession in the winter of 1860-1861 proceeded the most rapidly in the

Deep south

In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville wrote, "It is a constant fact that at the present day the ablest men in the U.S. are rarely placed at the head of the affairs." To what did he attribute this phenomenon.

Democracy

Which of the following was the major cause for the Civil War soldiers?

Disease and infection.

In theory, come companionate marriage gave wives equality of Rankin fortune but did not solve the issue of

Domestic tyranny

Why was the South unable to convince England to provide it with more support during the Civil War?

England needed Union wheat more than South's cotton.

Why did a national market immersion United States between 1780s in about 1820s?

Entrepreneurs mobilize the large rule workforce to manufacture and distribute goods throughout the United States.

Which of the following was the critical issue facing political parties in the late 1840s?

Expasion of slavery

Which of the following factors contributed to the sharp decline an American birthrate from 1790 to 1820?

Fathers' desire for fewer children in order to ensure the adequacy of their inheritances.

John Jacob Astor, A prominent New York merchant of the late 18th and early 19th century, made his fortune in which trade?

Fur

In the cotton growing regions of the south, which of the following was true of the gamg labor system of work?

Gang labor depended upon the work of white oversees and black drivers.

Which of the following statements is true about william Lloyd garrison?

Garrison called for the institution of gradual abolition in all states

Which of the following describes German immigrants who settled in the U.S. during the 1840s and 1850s?

Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwest states.

African Americans who converted to Christianity during the Second Great Awakening embraced which of the following teachings?

God as the liberator of the Jews.

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832?

He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification.

Why did President Lincoln decide to suspect habeas corpus during the Civil War?

He believed it would stop disloyal activities, such as protest against the draft.

How did hames gadsen distinguish himself during Franklin pierces presidency?

He bought a small amount of land from mexico to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad

Why did Robert E. Lee invade Maryland in AUgust and September 1862?

He hoped that victory over the Union forces would humiliate Lincoln's government.

In 1854, why did senator stephen A. Douglas introduce a bill to extinguish native american rights in the freat plains and organize the nothern segment of the louisiana purchase into a large territory called Nebraska?

He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to nothern California

Which of the following individuals went to jail rather than pay taxes in support of the mexican war and slavery?

Henry david thoreau

Which of the following constituted a critical problem for the Confederacy during the Civil War?

High levels of inflation

Why did the Republican party nominate Abraham Lincoln for the presidency in 1860?

His egalitarian image would attract votes among farmers and workers

Which of the following factors was critical in the ballooning populations of cities like new york in the mid - nineteenth century?

Immigration

The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions?

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Which of the following qualities did henry david thoreau urge in his readers, as demonstrated by the statement, "if a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?

Individuality

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 2830s to work until conditions improved?

Irish imigrants

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups during the early and mid-19th-century America?

Irish immigrants

Which of the following statements describes Radical Reconstruction?

It aimed to reform the South and increase federal power.

Which of the following statements describes the fugitive slave act of 1850?

It denied alleged runaways a jury trial or the right to testify in their own defense

Why was the south on the cutting edge of the market revolution by 1840?

It produced and exported over two thirds of the worlds cotton supply.

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of harriet beecher stowes 1852 novel uncle toms cabin?

It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the united states and abroad

Which of the following describes Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan, which he announced in December 1863?

It specified that a state could return to the Union when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union.

WHich of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as justification for destroying the Second Bank of U.S.?

It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some who were foreigners.

Which of the following statements describes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric.

Why was the battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861 significant?

It was the first battle of the Civil War.

Which of the following statements characterizes the Second BAnk of the U.S. in the 1830s?

Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development.

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the upper south in the early and mid 1800s?

Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters

Which of the following describes the SOuth after the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865?

Many of the South's factories, railroads, and cities lay in ruins.

'The South Carolina Exposition and Protest', written by John C. Calhoun, bore a similarity tot he argument made by which of the following people?

Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?

Jews

Which of the following events took place in kansas during the summer of 1856?

John brown and his followers murdered and mutilated five proslavery settlers at pottawatomie

Which of the following was the final outcome of the congressional campaigns and elections of 1866?

Johnson suffered a humiliating defeat as Republicans gained a three-to-one margin in Congress.

The creation of the Republican party, the pottawatomie massacre, and the negation of the missouri compromise were all consequences of the

Kansas Nebraska act

Which of the following methods was highly uncommon form of slave resistance in the slave south?

Large-scale uprisings

How did the battles that took place in Virginia from June 25th tho July 1st, 1862, unfold?

Lee ferociously attacked Union troops under McClellan as the were approaching Richmond.

In the aftermath of Lincoln's election to the presidency in 1860, southerners feared the following?

Lincoln would break his promise and interfere with slavery where it existed.

Efforts by women reformers to regulate sexual behavior resulted in laws in Massachusetts and new York that did which of the following?

Made seduction of women a crime

Smallholding planters in the nineteenth century south owned about how many slaves, on average?

One to five

For which of the following reasons did the salt lake mormons succeed and thrive in the nineteenth century even as other social experiments failed?

Mormon society had strong, hierarchical leadership

Which of the following contributed to the harassment and persecution of Mormons at nauvoo in the early 1840s?

Mormons power as a voting bloc in local elections

Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the U.S. during the 1840s?

Most Irish immigrants who arrived in the U.S. were poverty-stricken peasants.

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experiences of free blacks in the early nineteenth century united States?

Most held low wage jobs as farm workers, day laborers, or laundresses.

Which statement describes the sharecropping system that emerged to replace slavery in the South after the Civil War?

Most sharecroppers believed it was preferable to a wage labor system.

Which of the following statements characterizes the relationship between church and state in postrevolutionary America?

Most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or minister's income.

In its campaign to end slavery, the American anti-slavery society embraced which of the following tactics?

Mounting civil disobedience actions and mass demonstrations to protest slavery

For which of the following reasons did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817?

New yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes.

Which of the following statements characterizes the American political system directly after the American Revolution?

Notables managed local elections through their personal connections.

In early republic, Benjamin rush and other leaders are you that woman should be educated so they could do which of the following?

Oversee the instruction of their sons in principles of liberty and government.

Which of the following policies was implemented as part of the compromise of 1850?

Passage of a new fugitive slave act

The power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty is know as what sytem?

Patronage

Why was the Confederacy seeking to achieve with the was in 1861?

Permanent independence and "to be let alone"

How did the Franklin pierce administration approach the settlement and organization of the kansas territory in 1854 and 1855?

Pierce officially favored the legitimacy of the proslavery legislation in lecompton

Why did a labor crisis develop in the cotton south in the first few decades of the 1800s

Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the war.

What aspect of early 19th century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals?

Politica Parties

Which action president polk take in 1845 as part of his California strategy?

Polk sent orders to the U.S navy in the Pacific to seize san Francisco bay and other California ports in the event of war with mexico.

Which of these factors explained the surplus of slaves in the chesapeake region in the early nineteenth century?

Population growth through natural reproduction

Why did united states decline to annex Texas in 1837

President van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.

How did the Confederacy, with its agricultural economy, acquire the products and equipment it needed to supply its army?

Profits from cotton exports provided funds to purchase imported products.

What did the wilmot proviso, introduced in congress in 1846, propose to do?

Prohibit slavery in any new state or territory where the voters wished to allow it.

Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system?

Protective tariffs, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank

Noah Webster influenced American society in the late 18th century through which of the following means?

Publishing dictionaries and spelling books to make American spelling and grammar more uniform.

Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the U.S. in the 19th century?

Railroads

Which of the following spurred the panic of 1819 in the United States?

Reckless practices pursued by shady state chartered banks

Ex-Confederates who sought to return political and economical control of the South to white southerners after the Civil War were known as

Redeemers

What was the outcome of the midterm election in 1858?

Republicans won control of the U.S house of Representatives

What was the outcome of the 1868 election?

Republicans won the presidency and retained their two-thirds majority in both houses.

Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810s?

Restrictions on imprisonment for debt

On which of the following issues was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists?

Rule by an elite based on talent

The domestic slave trade affected the african american family unit before 1865 by?

Separating family members through sale and trade.

which of the following was Elizabeth Cady Stanton's response to the denial of women's suffrage while freedmen and immigrant men were being enfranchised?

She made a racist attack on the uneducated black men who could vote while educated white women could not.

The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea?

Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s?

Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.

What did ralph waldo emerson believe would promote individuals mystical union with god and achievement of self-realization?

Spending time alone in nature

The 1832 Ordinance of Nullification was based on which of the following beliefs?

States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce

By the 1830's coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following machinery?

Steam engines

Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe pen her novel uncle toms cabin, which was published in 1852?

Stowe sought to depict slavery as degrading to slave women.

During the 1840s, American womens rights activists focused on which of the following goals?

Strengthening the legal rights of married women

Which of the following describes Lincoln's military strategy at the beginning of the Civil War?

Strike immediately against the Confederate capitol in Richmond, Virginia.

Which of the following elements defined the Democrats under Andrew Jackson?

Support for average Americans

Through which of the following sources did the U.S, treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800s?

Tariffs on imported goods

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformation in early 19th century America?

Temperance

Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the mid - nineteenth century cotton south?

Tenant farmers and day laborers

How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the U.S. affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?

Th canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time.

Which of the following statements describes the American party, or know nothings, that emerged in the north in the 1850s?

The American party originated in anti immigrant and anti catholic societies of the 1840s

Which of the following statements describes the American invasion of mexico in 1846?

The Americans captured matamoros, monterrey, tampico, and most of northeastern mexico.

WHich of the following developments spurred the Panic of 1837?

The Bank of England curtailed British investments in the U.S.

According to the Constitution, which branch of government is responsible for readmitting states that have seceded from the Union?

The Constitution does not address this question.

Which of the following statements describes the election of 1876?

The Democratic candidate won the popular vote, but Republican officials in the three southern states certified Republican victories, sending two sets of electoral votes to Congress.

What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?

The House of Representatives decides the outcome

The 1854 kansas Nebraska act led to which of the following outcomes?

The Missouri compromise of 1820 was repealed.

Which pair of battles marked the turning point in the Civil War?

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

Which of the following statements characterizes the presidential campaign of 1840?

The Whigs' campaign was a carnival of speeches, parades, and mass meetings to demonstrate the man-of-the-people qualities of their presidential candidate.

Why did a group of prominent citizens found the American Colonization Society in 1817?

The aimed to encourage southern planters to emancipate slaves for resettlement in Africa.

What did nineteenth century american expansionists mean by the term manifest destiny?

The citizens of the united states had a god given right to conguer the land to the pacific ocean.

The 1867 dred scott decision had which of the following consequences?

The decision persuaded many republicans that the supreme court and president buchanan were part of the "slave power" conspiracy

What did bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s have in common?

The demanded government assistance for their business enterprises

Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogenous African American culture in the nineteenth century?

The domestic slave trade

Which of the following statements characterizes the cotton planter class in Alabama. Mississsippi, and texas in the mid - nineteenth century?

The goal of the planter class was to make money

Which of the following describes the textile industry that was emerging in new England in the middle Atlantic states in the 1780s?

The industry relied on an outwork system that combine mills in household labor.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 significant?

The legislation was the last congressional effort to address civil rights until the 1960's.

The 1845 annexation of texas provoked

The mexican war

How did pro-annexation democrates engineer the annexation of texas in 1845?

The party approved it through a joint resolution, which required only a majority vote in both houses of congress.

Which of the following describes the Crittenden Compromise?

The plan was a failed attempt to prevent secession.

What was the gag rule passed by the house of Representatives in 1836?

The policy automatically tabled and prevented discussion of any anti-slavery petitions received by the house.

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?

The redistribution of the african american population.

Which of the following was the critical catalyst for antebellum reform movements?

The second great awakening

Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in 1840s?

The steal plow

Which of these factors contributed to the tremendous increase in commercialized sex in the new cities of the mid nineteenth century?

The subsistence wages and exploitative conditions of womens jobs

Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, published in full in 1818?

The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy.

Which if the following statements describes the 1848 treaty of guadalupe hidalgo?

The treaty purchased more than one third of mexicos territory for a mere $15 million.

Which of the following statements was true of the American south in 1860?

The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.

Why was the ship 'Alabama' instrumental to the Confederate war effort?

The warship captured or sank more than one hundred Union merchant ships.

Which of the following did Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville have in common?

They criticized transcendetalism and warned against excessive individualism

Why were many congressional leaders unwilling to consider breaking up plantations and distributing plots for independent farms to freed slaves?

They hoped to restore cotton cultivation and export of American cotton.

What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the cotton south in the 1830s and 1840s

They lived in a republic society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men.

Why did several eastern states expand suffrage in the 1810s?

They wanted to discourage westward migration

Which of these describes the experiences of the young women who worked in the New England textile mills in the 1820s and 1830s?

They were able to save their wages fro later use or to help out their families.

Which of these statements describes southern rice planters of the mid - nineteenth century?

They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?

To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states.

In 1845 texans claimed that their boundary extended

To the rio grande on the south and west

The philosophy that people could gain mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the world of the senses is known as which of the following?

Transcendetalism

Which of the following statements describes the resettlement of former slaves in the South?

Under Johnson's amnesty plan, ex-Confederates were allowed to recover their land, and freedmen were forced to work for them or leave.

A secret organization that functioned as the grassroot wing of Radical Republicanism in the South was called the

Union League

Which of the following describes the 1864 SHenandoah Valley campaign?

Union troops led a scorched-earth campaign to punish farmers who had aided the South.

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of the textile industry in the United States?

Using British textile mills in New England and ultimately improved on British technology

Why did many nothern wage earners not support abolition in the mid - eighteenth century?

Wageworkers feared that freed blacks would work for lower wages and compete for jobs

James K. polks declaration that american blood had been shed "upon American soil" was his call for

War with mexico

Which of the following statements describe the transportation in the trans-Appalachian west in the early 19th century?

Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to the market.

In the early 1800's, which group would have endorsed Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Rush's proposals for comprehensive public education?

Wealthy New England merchants

What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century?

Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely

Popular sovereignty solved which of the following issues temporarily?

Whether congress had the authority to legislate slavery in the territories

Americans who migrated to the Oregon territory in the 1840s settled in which of these regions?

Willamette valley

In the election of 1840, Whigs boosted their electoral hopes by appealing to which of the following groups?

Women

Granting suffrage to African American males caused

a split in the women's movement

The CIvil War has been described as the first total war of modern times. A total war is defined as

one in which all the resources, including civilians, are mobilized for war.

President Martin Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 by

adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

asserted that all former slaves would receive equal protection under the law.

Andrew Jackson and his supporters won the election in 1828 in part by

calling themselves Democrats to portray a more egalitarian image

Through which of the following practices did southerners avoid giving former slaves the right to vote?

collecting poll taxes

Under President Johnson's restoration plan, high-ranking Confederate leaders and wealthy southerners

could serve as delegates to conventions that were called to consider ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

President Buchanan responded to the sucession crisis by

declaring secession illegal but claiming that the federal government had no power to reverse it.

During the early years of the Civil War, the terms 'contraband' came into use to describes

freedom-seeking slaves who fled from Confederate masters to Union armies.

The Confederacy financed the Civil War primarily by

issuing paper currency that was not backed by gold or silver.

In the Reconstruction South, the Ku Klux Klan was

often indistinguishable from the Democratic party.

Approved by Congress in January 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment.

prohibited slavery throughout the United States.

The Republican state Reconstruction governments in the South made a significant and long-lasting achievements in

public education

The Emancipation Proclamation sated that

slaves in rebel states would be freed

Some southerners used the term 'scalawags' to describe

southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction.

After his inauguration in March 1861, Lincoln

stated that secession was illegal and declared that he would enforce federal law.

Reconstruction ended in 1877 because

the North lost interest in the cause

In the U.S. Supreme court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the court majority issued the decision that

upheld Indian nations' political authority in their communities.

In his attack on Atlanta in the summer of 1864, Sherman's Union forces?

waged a campaign that began in July and succeeded in early September.