APUSH chapter 1 review

The reconquista happened in a) 1492 b) 1820 c) 1776 d) 1374

a) 1492

Prior to 1800, the largest settled community in what is now the United States was a) New Orleans b) Cahokia c) Teotihuacan d) Machu Picchu

b) Cahokia

T/F: A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadors.

False

T/F: After four trips across the Atlantic, Columbus recognized he had not reached Asia.

False

T/F: At the time of Portugal's Atlantic exploration, the economies of West Africa were organized chiefly around slavery.

False

T/F: Before Europeans arrived in the New World, Native Americans were without extensive trading networks, irrigation systems, or large cities.

False

T/F: Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 20 million African slaves came from the Old World to the New World.

False

T/F: Europeans in the 1500s held firmly to the view that all men are created equal.

False

T/F: In 1493, the Catholic Pope, Alexander VI, divided all the Americas between Spain and Britain.

False

T/F: In the Spanish colonies race and class were not important.

False

T/F: Little contact existed among the diverse Indian societies of North America.

False

T/F: Most European men in the 1500s owned property and could vote.

False

T/F: New Netherland extended all the way from Quebec to the lower Mississippi Valley.

False

T/F: Of the 10 million people who crossed the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the Americas in the 328 years from 1492 to 1820 most were white Europeans.

False

T/F: The Aztecs lived in a peaceful, non-violent society.

False

T/F: The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was swiftly crushed by Spanish authorities.

False

T/F: When the author, Eric Foner, uses the term "unfree labor," he refers to those persons who were performing work not for free as volunteers, but for wages.

False

T/F: Africans enslaved other Africans long before the arrival of European traders.

True

T/F: Approximately 10 million men, women, and children came from the Old World to the New World between 1492 and 1820.

True

T/F: At the time of first contact with the Europeans, perhaps 12 million people lived in the Inca kingdom.

True

T/F: Colonial American society was highly hierarchical, where some European colonists were indentured servants, Indians were held in forced labor, and Africans were slaves.

True

T/F: During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, all European nations had established churches, and religious wars between nations (and sometimes within them) were fierce.

True

T/F: Horses, cows, pigs, and sheep were unknown to the Americas until Europeans brought them

True

T/F: In 1537, Pope Paul III decreed Indian slavery ended, but not African slavery.

True

T/F: Most Indian tribes were matrilineal.

True

T/F: On the eve of colonization of the Americas, freedom in Europe was framed in the hierarchical, top-down terms, each level of society enjoying its own degree of freedom.

True

T/F: Perhaps 80 million Native Americans died in the century and a half following first contact with Europeans and the diseases they carried.

True

T/F: Spanish settlers in the New World compromised a mix of laborers, soldiers, priests, bureaucrats, craftsmen, and professionals.

True

T/F: The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the Moors.

True

T/F: The trans-Atlantic voyages of Columbus were sponsored by Spain, which had just achieved its own territorial unification.

True

T/F: To justify their colonial ventures, Spain invoked the threat of Protestantism.

True

T/F: When Columbus first sailed to America in 1492, Christian Europe was entirely Catholic; 25 years later, following Martin Luther's 95 theses, the Protestant Reformation had begun, and Europe was thrown into more than a hundred years of Christian religious wars.

True

Which of the following was expressed by Bartolomé de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552? a) He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration. b) He wrote that slavery from Africa endangered Native American peoples. c) He asserted that Indians should be forced into slavery. d) He described how the Spanish made forced laborers of Indians of all ages.

a) He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.

In the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish in Central and South America relied primarily on which of the following groups to work fields and mines? a) Indians b) African slaves c) indentured servants d) wage laborers

a) Indians

Which of the following was not a feature of sixteenth-century Spanish America? a) The Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs. b) Indians were compelled to work, either as slaves or as wage laborers, in gold and silver mines or on large haciendas. c) A blending of Indian and Spanish culture gradually took root. d) A Black Legend regarding the harshness of Spanish colonial rule spread across the Atlantic world.

a) The Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs.

Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs? a) Their written religious text was called the Wicca. b) Most Indians held that a single creator god created the world. c) Most Native Americans believed spiritual powers suffused the world in animals, plants, trees, water, and wind. d) Shaman and medicine held central positions of authority.

a) Their written religious text was called the Wicca.

Who were the mestizos? a) persons of mixed Spanish and Indian origin b) persons of Indian origin c) persons of European birth d) persons of South American origin

a) persons of mixed Spanish and European origin

The chief goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was a) the establishment of a trading empire in Asia. b) sanctuary for persecuted religious sects. c) further knowledge about African and Asian culture. d) hard evidence that the world was round.

a) the establishment of a trading empire in Asia.

In European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World after 1492, all of the following were true EXCEPT a) Europeans imagined the Americas as a place of golden cities and fountains of youth b) Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples c) Africans were enslaved and treated with great cruelty d) millions of Indians died from diseases brought by the Europeans

b) Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples

Which of the following European countries did not have a colonial presence in seventeenth-century North America? a) Spain b) Germany c) the Netherlands d) France

b) Germany

Which was not a means by which Cortés conquered the Aztecs? a) He was aided by thousands of Native Americans. b) He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons. c) He relied on superior military technology such as iron weapons and gun powder. d) He was aided by a smallpox epidemic that killed many Aztecs.

b) He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.

In which country did the reconquista occur? a) Mexico b) Spain c) France d) Brazil

b) Spain

Which was not a characteristic of American Indians? a) They arrived in the Americas as early as 60,000 to 15,000 years ago. b) There were four different tribes in the Americas. c) Agriculture emerged in Mexico and the Andes about the same time it was invented in ancient Mesopotamia, about 9,000 years ago. d) In some places there were large cities which contained roads, irrigation systems, extensive trade networks, and large structures such as pyramid temples.

b) There were four different tribes in the Americas.

Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind European colonization in the New World? a) the acquisition of profitable lands and precious metals b) the spread of democracy to the Americas c) the attainment of national glory d) the religious and cultural uplift of "barbaric" peoples

b) the spread of democracy to the Americas

The freedom of a Christian man or woman meant the freedom a) to do your own thing; freedom to be who you wnt to be. b) to abandon the life of sin and accept God. c) to follow whatever faith (or none) you choose. d) of speech and assembly, and from burdensome taxes.

b) to abandon the life of sin and accept God.

At the time of first contact between Europeans and Native Americans, Native Americans had not developed a) agriculture b) wheeled transportation c) structures of political power and governance d) religious beliefs and rituals

b) wheeled transportation

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a) Pizarro's conquest of the Incas; Balboa's expedition to the Pacific; Vespucci's explorations along South America b) Vasco da Gama's expedition to India; Bartolomeu Dias's arrival at the Cape of Good Hope; Portuguese traders' appearance at Benin c) Cortes's conquest of the Aztecs; Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies; Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement d) Pueblo Revolt; Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's exploration of Pacific coast; Samuel de Champlain's founding of Quebec

c) Cortes's conquest of the Aztecs; Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies; Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement

A significant outcome of the Portuguese arrival in West Africa was a) a decline of Portuguese interest in finding a sea route to Asia. b) the abolition of slavery along the west coast of Africa. c) an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade. d) large-scale immigration from West Africa to Western Europe.

c) an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade.

Which of the following was not a prominent cultural belief among Indian societies of North America? a) land was there for the use of the tribe as a whole, not for the enrichment of individuals b) spiritual power resided in all aspects of the natural world c) only holders of property should take part in tribal governance d) hunting and fishing were for men; farming was largely for women

c) only holders of property should take part in tribal governance

Which of the following was not a feature of Native American civilization prior to the voyages of Columbus? a) All were descended from hunters who had crossed the Bering Straits during the Ice Age. b) Agricultural, settled societies originated in modern-day Mexico approximately 9,000 years ago. c) The Aztec and Inca empires were based in modern-day Mexico and Peru, respectively. d) Large cities were unknown to the Americas.

d) Large cities were unknown to the Americas.

During the Pueblo Revolt, which of the following names was ordered to never be spoken again? a) Isabella b) Elizabeth c) Rebecca d) Mary

d) Mary

Which is not an achievement of the Indians of North America in the thousands of years before Columbus's arrival? a) In the Ohio River Valley, Indians built large earthen burial mounds. b) Near present-day St. Louis, 10,000 or more people built giant earthen mounds. c) People built a series of giant semicircular mounds in present-day Louisiana. d) People in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.

d) People in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.

The oldest site in the present-day United States to be continuously inhabited by Europeans is a) Plymouth, Massachusetts b) Manhattan, New York c) Jamestown, Virginia d) St. Augustine, Florida

d) St. Augustine, Florida