APUSH Chapter 13

Which of the following statements characterizes American settlement in California before the mid-1840s? a. American settlement in California was fairly sparse in this period. b. Most Americans who went to California settled near the San Francisco Bay. c. Most Americans who went to California in the 1840s were prospecting for gold. d. Americans who settled in California often adopted mestizo culture.

a. American settlement in California was fairly sparse in this period.

From 1854 to 1856, which of the following was the fundamental principle all Republicans agreed on? a. An absolute opposition to the expansion of slavery into any new territories b. The eventual abolition of slavery throughout the United States c. The exclusion of Roman Catholic immigrants from entering the United States d. The extension of voting rights to all adult male citizens, regardless of race

a. An absolute opposition to the expansion of slavery into any new territories

Despite stiff Mexican resistance, American forces also secured control of which future state in 1847? a. California b. Oregon c. South Dakota d. Idaho

a. California

Which of the following was the critical issue facing political parties in the late 1840s? a. Expansion of slavery b. Fate of Native Americans in the West c. Acquisition of Oregon d. Annexation of Texas

a. Expansion of slavery

Which of the following statements describes the American Party, or Know-Nothings, that emerged in the North in the 1850s? a. The American Party originated in anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic societies of the 1840s. b. Its nickname referred to opponents' jibes that it "knew nothing" about solving the political crises of the 1850s. c. Despite gaining much attention, the Know-Nothings failed to win control of any state government or any seats in Congress. d. Only southern voters who were equally fearful of both immigrants and the "slave power" joined the party in large numbers.

a. The American Party originated in anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic societies of the 1840s.

Which of the following scenarios occurred during the 1856 presidential election? a. The Republicans emerged as a formidable replacement for the Whigs and came close to winning the election. b. The Republicans drew strong support from the West and the Midwest but little support from the Northeast or the South. c. Millard Fillmore, running on the American (or Know-Nothing) Party ticket, divided the antislavery and nativist vote in all parts of the country. d. Democrats forged a strong coalition with former southern Whigs based on popular sovereignty.

a. The Republicans emerged as a formidable replacement for the Whigs and came close to winning the election.

Abraham Lincoln belonged to which political party during his four terms in the Illinois state legislature? a. Whigs b. Democrats c. Free-Soil d. Republican

a. Whigs

The popular 1844 phrase "Fifty-four forty or fight!" served as a. a push for American control of the entire Oregon territory. b. the battle cry for the Mexican War. c. the charge of people involved in the gold rush. d. a political slogan for Martin Van Buren.

a. a push for American control of the entire Oregon territory.

James K. Polk's declaration that American blood had been shed "upon American soil" was his call for a. war with Mexico. b. revolution in California. c. war for Oregon. d. an end to the fighting in Kansas.

a. war with Mexico.

What happened in Christiana, Pennsylvania, in 1851? a. Abolitionist Theodore Parker defied the Fugitive Slave Act by helping two slaves escape to freedom. b. About twenty African Americans fought a gun battle with slave catchers, killing two; a jury subsequently acquitted one defendant, and the government dropped charges against the rest. c. Rioters marched into a courthouse, forced their way into the courtroom, and freed a fugitive slave facing trial. d. Frederick Douglass declared that "the only way to make a Fugitive Slave Law a dead letter is to make a half dozen or more dead kidnappers."

b. About twenty African Americans fought a gun battle with slave catchers, killing two; a jury subsequently acquitted one defendant, and the government dropped charges against the rest.

Why did Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Cass propose the idea of squatter sovereignty in 1848? a. He was promoting a policy that would grant free federal land to homesteaders in the west. b. Cass hoped the plan would maintain the unity of the contentious Democratic Party. c. He was seeking a solution to the conflicts between whites and Native Americans in the West. d. Cass believed it would bring free-soilers back into mainstream political parties.

b. Cass hoped the plan would maintain the unity of the contentious Democratic Party.

Which of the following developments occurred during the 1852 presidential campaign? a. Whigs renominated Millard Fillmore because of his vigorous enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act and support of popular sovereignty. b. Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce as a compromise candidate because he was a congenial man with southern sympathies. c. Northern and southern Whigs resolved their differences over the Compromise of 1850 and supported their nominee, Winfield Scott. d. The American Party nominated former president and ardent expansionist John Tyler for the presidency.

b. Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce as a compromise candidate because he was a congenial man with southern sympathies.

Why did radical abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison criticize the free-soil movement bitterly in the late 1840s? a. He wanted to cause a showdown with the South that would destroy slavery by force. b. He found its emphasis on freehold farming racist and insufficiently radical. c. He distrusted the Free-Soil Party's presidential nominee, Martin Van Buren. d. The Free-Soil Party would not publicly declare support for women's rights.

b. He found its emphasis on freehold farming racist and insufficiently radical.

Which of the following statements describes President Buchanan's handling of the Kansas issue? a. Buchanan supported the efforts of Senator Douglas to resolve the controversy fairly. b. He tried but failed to have Kansas admitted as a slave state and fractured the Democratic Party. c. He supported the actions of the New England Emigrant Aid Society and John Brown. d. Unlike Pierce, Buchanan denounced the Lecompton constitution as being fraudulent.

b. He tried but failed to have Kansas admitted as a slave state and fractured the Democratic Party.

In 1854, why did Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduce a bill to extinguish Native American rights in the Great Plains and organize the northern segment of the Louisiana Purchase into a large territory called Nebraska? a. He wanted to negate the Missouri Compromise and open the area to slaveholders. b. He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to Northern California. c. He wanted to win support for his presidential candidacy among northern Democrats. d. He wanted to disprove the allegation that the Great Plains area was a desert and thus unsuitable for settlement.

b. He wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to Northern California.

Which of the following individuals expressed public support for John Brown's attempt to ignite a slave rebellion in Virginia in 1859? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Henry David Thoreau c. John C. Breckinridge d. William H. Seward

b. Henry David Thoreau

Which of the following statements describes the Slidell mission to Mexico in December 1845? a. It was a success, resulting in Mexico's acknowledgment of the U.S. annexation of Texas. b. It failed because Mexico had suspended diplomatic relations with the United States and refused to even see Slidell. c. The mission prompted Mexico to offer to sell New Mexico and California for $30 million. d. The mission failed because Slidell was assassinated in Veracruz before he could reach the Mexican capital.

b. It failed because Mexico had suspended diplomatic relations with the United States and refused to even see Slidell.

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin? a. It portrayed slaves as good-natured but unintelligent and unable to care for themselves. b. It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad. c. The book did not sell well until after the Civil War had begun, but it eventually made Stowe a rich woman. d. The novel was made into an emotionally charged stage play that was banned throughout the North and South.

b. It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.

Which of the following made the Oregon Territory so appealing to Americans in the mid-1800s? a. Its proximity to California b. Its mild climate and rich soil c. The absence of Native Americans in the area d. The transcontinental railroad terminus there

b. Its mild climate and rich soil

Which of the following policies was implemented as part of the Compromise of 1850? a. Admittance of California as a slave state b. Passage of a new Fugitive Slave Act c. Popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska d. Abolition of slavery in Washington, D.C.

b. Passage of a new Fugitive Slave Act

In 1845, Texans claimed that their boundary extended a. as far north as Oregon. b. to the Nueces River on the south and west. c. to the Rio Grande on the south and west. d. as far west as the Pacific Ocean.

c. to the Rio Grande on the south and west.

How did the Franklin Pierce administration approach the settlement and organization of the Kansas Territory in 1854 and 1855? a. It favored the settlers sponsored by the New England Emigrant Aid Society. b. Pierce officially favored the legitimacy of the proslavery legislature in Lecompton. c. It invalidated an election in which proslavery Missourians had crossed into Kansas to vote. d. The administration chose to ignore the issue and played no role.

b. Pierce officially favored the legitimacy of the proslavery legislature in Lecompton.

Which action did President Polk take in 1845 as part of his California strategy? a. He arranged a secret treaty with Britain to divide California in return for British naval support against Mexico. b. Polk sent orders to the U.S. Navy in the Pacific to seize San Francisco Bay and other California ports in the event of war with Mexico. c. President Polk sent troops under Zachary Taylor into Northern California as armed "explorers." d. He informed the U.S. consul in Monterey that the United States would not welcome California's declaration of independence.

b. Polk sent orders to the U.S. Navy in the Pacific to seize San Francisco Bay and other California ports in the event of war with Mexico.

What did the Wilmot Proviso, introduced in Congress in 1846, propose to do? a. Permit slavery in any new state or territory where the voters wished to allow it b. Prohibit slavery in any territory the United States acquired from Mexico c. Protect existing slavery in the South and legislate its end by 1900 d. Prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired by the United States

b. Prohibit slavery in any territory the United States acquired from Mexico

What was the outcome of the midterm election in 1858? a. Lincoln was elected to the Senate by the Illinois state legislature. b. Republicans won control of the U.S. House of Representatives. c. Douglas's Freeport Doctrine won favor from both proslavery and antislavery supporters. d. Republican candidates won control of both the U.S. House and the U.S. Senate.

b. Republicans won control of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Which of the following statements describes the American invasion of Mexico in 1846? a. American forces quickly conquered most of central and northern Mexico. b. The Americans captured Matamoros, Monterrey, Tampico, and most of northeastern Mexico. c. Mexican troops routed the Americans at the Battle of Monterrey and forced their retreat. d. Mexico held the line against American land forces, but U.S. naval forces had quick success.

b. The Americans captured Matamoros, Monterrey, Tampico, and most of northeastern Mexico.

The 1857 Dred Scott decision had which of the following consequences? a. It deprived the Republicans of their political platform by prohibiting slavery in any new territories. b. The decision persuaded many Republicans that the Supreme Court and President Buchanan were part of the "slave power" conspiracy. c. Chief Justice Roger Taney's influential majority opinion effectively smoothed over sectional tensions for two years. d. The decision's nullification of the Northwest Ordinance persuaded Stephen A. Douglas to disavow the popular sovereignty doctrine.

b. The decision persuaded many Republicans that the Supreme Court and President Buchanan were part of the "slave power" conspiracy.

The 1845 annexation of Texas provoked a. Polk's electoral victory. b. the Mexican War. c. President Van Buren's resignation. d. rebellion in the former Lone Star Republic.

b. the Mexican War.

During the 1850s, proslavery American expansionists attempted to acquire which of the following regions? a. Haiti b. Panama c. Cuba d. The Bahamas

c. Cuba

What feature of the Lakota Sioux society protected it from the epidemics that decimated other Native American groups in the nineteenth century? a. A knowledge of herbal medicines b. A protein-rich diet of buffalo meat c. Its small groups and nomadic lifestyle d. Ritual bathing practices

c. Its small groups and nomadic lifestyle

Which man who sought the presidency in 1844 is matched with the correct description? a. James Birney—proslavery Whig president who unsuccessfully tried to win the Democratic Party's nomination b. Henry Clay—former Democratic president who unsuccessfully tried to win his party's nomination c. James Polk—expansionist, dark-horse candidate of the Democratic Party who won the election d. John Tyler—Whig candidate who eventually supported the annexation of Texas and narrowly lost the election

c. James Polk—expansionist, dark-horse candidate of the Democratic Party who won the election

The creation of the Republican Party, the Pottawatomie massacre, and the negation of the Missouri Compromise were all consequences of the a. Dred Scott decision. b. decisions of Roger Taney. c. Kansas-Nebraska Act. d. Ostend Manifesto.

c. Kansas-Nebraska Act.

By the 1830s, which of the following was the dominant Indian tribe on the central and northern Plains? a. Apaches b. Arapahos c. Lakota d. Kiowas

c. Lakota

Who of the following people is correctly matched to his position on the extension of slavery during the debate over the admission of California into the Union in 1850? a. John C. Calhoun—supported an extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean b. James Buchanan and other northern Democrats—argued that Congress had no authority to regulate slavery in the territories c. Lewis Cass—supported popular sovereignty to address the slavery issue d. Stephen Douglas—restrict Southern slavery within its original boundaries

c. Lewis Cass—supported popular sovereignty to address the slavery issue

Popular sovereignty solved which of the following issues temporarily? a. The dispute over state versus federal control over voter qualifications b. Whether states had the right to secede from the Union c. Whether Congress had the authority to legislate slavery in the territories d. Whether states had to abide by federal laws that conflicted with state laws

c. Whether Congress had the authority to legislate slavery in the territories

Americans who migrated to the Oregon Territory in the 1840s settled in which of these regions? a. Puget Sound b. Columbia River Valley c. Willamette Valley d. The city of Independence

c. Willamette Valley

Americans who lined up behind the free-soil cause in the late 1840s a. argued that Texas should be returned to Mexico to halt the spread of slavery. b. demanded that Texas be the final slave state admitted to the Union. c. declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms. d. called for the immediate abolition of the sinful institution of slavery.

c. declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms.

In an 1858 senate campaign speech, Abraham Lincoln a. defended the Dred Scott decision as the only practical solution to the problems engendered by slavery. b. assured the public that the Union could remain divided as free and slave states with little to no consequence. c. warned that the nation could not endure as "a house divided against itself," that is, half slave and half free. d. predicted that the free states would defeat the slave states if a civil war broke out.

c. warned that the nation could not endure as "a house divided against itself," that is, half slave and half free.

From 1818 until the early 1840s, the Oregon Territory was administered under which of the following arrangements? a. The Oregon Territory was a British protectorate. b. It was a no man's land not formally claimed by any government. c. Russia controlled the territory as part of its Alaska claim. d. Great Britain and the United States controlled it jointly.

d. Great Britain and the United States controlled it jointly.

How did James Gadsden distinguish himself during Franklin Pierce's presidency? a. He tried to buy much of northwestern Mexico and Baja California from the Mexican government. b. Gadsden negotiated the purchase the Hawaiian Islands from their native queen Liliuokalani. c. He made arrangements to buy Cuba from Spain, but the deal fell through after it leaked to the anti-expansionist press. d. He bought a small amount of land from Mexico to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

d. He bought a small amount of land from Mexico to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

Why did the Republican Party nominate Abraham Lincoln for the presidency in 1860? a. He was the most experienced and respected Republican politician. b. He had already defeated Stephen A. Douglas in the senatorial election in 1858. c. He appealed to both northern and southern voters. d. His egalitarian image would attract votes among farmers and workers.

d. His egalitarian image would attract votes among farmers and workers.

Which of the following statements describes the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850? a. It was quickly ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. b. Washington, D.C., was not subject to its enforcement. c. The act prevented southern slave catchers from entering free states. d. It denied alleged runaways a jury trial or the right to testify in their own defense.

d. It denied alleged runaways a jury trial or the right to testify in their own defense.

Which of the following events took place in Kansas during the summer of 1856? a. Abolitionist vigilantes attacked the proslavery town of Lawrence. b. John Brown led abolitionists in an assault on a federal arsenal at Topeka. c. A proslavery mob captured John Brown and other abolitionists and hanged them at Lawrence. d. John Brown and his followers murdered and mutilated five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie.

d. John Brown and his followers murdered and mutilated five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie.

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act led to which of the following outcomes? a. The Kansas and Nebraska territories were admitted as free states. b. Stephen Douglas's political career ended. c. President Pierce signed the Ostend Manifesto. d. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed.

d. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was repealed.

What did nineteenth-century American expansionists mean by the term Manifest Destiny? a. Americans were culturally equal to the native and Hispanic populations to the west. b. The western boundaries of the United States should stop at the Rocky Mountains. c. Protestantism and the American form of government should be established in Mexico. d. The citizens of the United States had a God-given right to conquer the land to the Pacific Ocean.

d. The citizens of the United States had a God-given right to conquer the land to the Pacific Ocean.

How did pro-annexation Democrats engineer the annexation of Texas in 1845? a. They bribed several major figures in the Mexican government to support annexation. b. The Democrats promised Whig congressmen that they would fund internal improvements in exchange for Whig votes. c. They arranged for the measure to come to a vote in the Senate when several anti-annexation senators were absent. d. The party approved it through a joint resolution, which required only a majority vote in both houses of Congress.

d. The party approved it through a joint resolution, which required only a majority vote in both houses of Congress.

How did Oregon fever affect national politics in the United States in 1844? a. Enthusiasm for settlement in Oregon nearly led to war with England. b. The idea of expansion into Oregon split both the Whig and the Democratic parties. c. Talk of expansion led to talk of the spread of slavery, which Congress prevented with a gag rule. d. The possibility of expansion into Texas became a major issue in the presidential election.

d. The possibility of expansion into Texas became a major issue in the presidential election.

Which of the following statements describes the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? a. The treaty was passed by the House but rejected in the U.S. Senate. b. It prohibited slavery in all territories ceded by Mexico, including Texas. c. It ceded California and New Mexico to the United States and required $50 million in Mexican reparations. d. The treaty purchased more than one-third of Mexico's territory for a mere $15 million.

d. The treaty purchased more than one-third of Mexico's territory for a mere $15 million.

In 1858, in his so-called Freeport Doctrine, Stephen Douglas a. stole Lincoln's thunder by advocating a plan for gradual emancipation with compensation for former slaveholders. b. emphasized colonization of freed slaves as the only practical solution to the problem of slavery. c. declared, "This government was made by our fathers, by white men for the benefit of white men." d. asserted that settlers could exclude slavery from a territory by not adopting local legislation to protect it.

d. asserted that settlers could exclude slavery from a territory by not adopting local legislation to protect it.

The northern states responded to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act by sponsoring a. a proposal to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific. b. an economic boycott of the South. c. a clamor for popular sovereignty. d. personal-liberty laws.

d. personal-liberty laws.