APUSH Chapter 17

Which of the following pairs is properly matched? Select one: A. Collective bargaining—union negotiates with the employer for all the employees B. Closed shop—force applied on a comparable industry to bring pressure on the primary target C. Trade union—all jobs reserved for union members D. Yellow-dog contract—workers in one industry organized into a single organization, regardless of skill

A. Collective bargaining—union negotiates with the employer for all the employees

Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890? Select one: A. Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants. B. There were almost no factories in the South, where the majority of African Americans lived at that time. C. Black workers intensely disliked factory work and preferred agricultural or casual urban labor. D. White-dominated labor unions generally refused to allow blacks to join and seek industrial employment.

A. Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants.

Which business strategy did John D. Rockefeller pioneer in the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. Horizontal integration B. Vertical integration C. Middle management D. The corporation

A. Horizontal integration

The introduction of mass production in the late-nineteenth-century American economy had which of the following advantages? Select one: A. Mass production increased workers' output. B. It gave workers greater control over the pace of their work. C. It gave workers a greater sense of accomplishment. D. Mass production made work more interesting.

A. Mass production increased workers' output.

Which of the following statements describes the Chinese immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. They faced more severe discrimination than European immigrants. B. Chinese immigrants were mostly women escaping sexual slavery. C. Most were unemployed and depended on government assistance to survive. D. They came in greatest numbers prior to 1850.

A. They faced more severe discrimination than European immigrants.

How did John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Corporation come to control 95 percent of the nation's oil refining capacity by the 1880s? Select one: A. Through predatory pricing and the creation of the trust B. By implementing the process of vertical integration C. Through expanded sales and production overseas D. By inventing the process that extracted kerosene from crude oil

A. Through predatory pricing and the creation of the trust

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in nineteenth-century California by Select one: A. barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882. B. paying white workers higher wages to do agricultural work. C. establishing a quota limiting Chinese immigration to 10,000 per year. D. passing a civil rights law that protected them from anti-immigrant violence.

A. barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882.

Established in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Select one: A. sued in court to force companies to reduce high rates. B. investigated in-state shipping. C. helped to transition companies into public ownership. D. encouraged companies to cooperate in setting prices

A. sued in court to force companies to reduce high rates.

The Supreme Court decision to overturn Granger laws in Wabash v. Illinois (1886) led to Select one: A. the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. B. passage of the Gold Standard Act. C. passage of the McKinley Tariff. D. the implementation of the Specie Resumption Act.

A. the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Which of the following statements characterizes the economics of working-class family life in late-nineteenth-century America? Select one: A. As children grew older, their material needs increased, which strained family budgets and made supporting the children's adolescent years hardest on families. B. Due to their dire economic circumstances, working-class families frequently sent their children out to work in mills, factories, or mines. C. Except for the lowest-paid factory workers, most male heads of household were able to support their families through their own labor. D. Women's household work was crucial in maintaining the family, and this work was commonly done by older daughters because wives were employed outside the home.

B. Due to their dire economic circumstances, working-class families frequently sent their children out to work in mills, factories, or mines.

Which of the following technological innovations made it possible for Gustavus F. Swift to undercut the prices of local butchers? Select one: A. Automatic coupler B. Refrigerated car C. Friction gear D. Air brake

B. Refrigerated car

Why was the strike by steelworkers at Homestead, Pennsylvania, significant? Select one: A. The strike was the culmination of a long history of poor labor relations at Homestead. B. The lockout represented Carnegie's effort to break the plant's union. C. The steelworkers were led by immigrant German Marxists. D. It ended when the strike leaders were held in contempt of court and jailed.

B. The lockout represented Carnegie's effort to break the plant's union.

Which of the following statements describes the experiences of the new immigrants who entered the United States between 1880 and 1920? Select one: A. These groups found adjustment to the new country easier than earlier groups had. B. They often planned on working and saving money for a few years before returning home. C. The new immigrants were welcomed much more graciously than were the Irish in 1840. D. They quickly assimilated into American culture and gave up their customs and languages.

B. They often planned on working and saving money for a few years before returning home.

What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common? Select one: A. All these men were immigrants into the United States. B. They succeeded through vertical integration. C. Each one began his career as an industrial mechanic. D. They succeeded through horizontal integration.

B. They succeeded through vertical integration.

Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. Chinese men sought jobs as indentured servants in the houses of rich Californians. B. They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China. C. Chinese immigrants came to open laundry businesses in American cities. D. The burgeoning population of China created widespread famine and shortages.

B. They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China.

Which of the following arguments did Andrew Carnegie make in his famous 1889 essay "Wealth" (later called "The Gospel of Wealth")? Select one: A. Industrialization had allowed the poor to raise themselves to nearly same level as the wealthy. B. Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone's standard of living rose. C. Industrialization would bring economic decline in the United States as it did in England, a mature industrial power. D. Industrialization only led to a decrease in the standard of living, especially for the working classes.

B. Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone's standard of living rose.

What was the purpose of the Hatch Act, passed by Congress and President Grover Cleveland in 1887? Select one: A. To establish state-regulated farms to sell produce at a cheaper rate B. To provide federal funding for agricultural research and education C. To fund large corporate farms, encouraging the growth of the farming industry D. To provide funds to farmers struggling to pay debts

B. To provide federal funding for agricultural research and education

The United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of Select one: A. incorporation. B. the Bessemer process. C. government subsidies. D. the transportation revolution.

B. the Bessemer process.

New corporate managers pioneered which system to track expenses and revenues in the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. Balanced spending B. Line-by-line bookkeeping C. Cost accounting D. The management revolution

C. Cost accounting

Which of these factors were the critical determinants of workers' occupational opportunities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Select one: A. Skills and race B. Age and ethnicity C. Gender and race D. Ethnicity and skills

C. Gender and race

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common? Select one: A. The leaders of both strikes were jailed. B. The American public supported the strikers. C. Government troops helped put down both strikes. D. The American Railway Union led both strikes.

C. Government troops helped put down both strikes.

Why has the labor movement always been relatively weak in American politics? Select one: A. Poor leadership has often hindered the political effectiveness of the labor movement. B. Historically, labor unions have not been interested in engaging in the political process. C. Most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress. D. Industrial workers put other concerns ahead of labor issues, making it difficult for labor to present a cohesive platform.

C. Most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress.

Why was clerical and office work appealing to white working-class women in the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. There was a decrease in demand for domestic servants. B. Women were often promoted to better-paying positions in the company. C. Office work was cleaner and better paid than domestic service or factory work. D. Factory work was too difficult to obtain because it paid higher wages.

C. Office work was cleaner and better paid than domestic service or factory work.

The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry? Select one: A. Coal B. Steel C. Railroads D. Copper

C. Railroads

Which of the following was a consequence of mass production? Select one: A. Workers became masters of their craft. B. Workers' wages increased as they grew more productive. C. Skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy. D. Craft workers became more valuable to industry.

C. Skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy.

Which of the following describes vertically integrated corporations? Select one: A. These corporations concentrated on one function in the production process. B. They made it difficult for a few corporations to monopolize an industry. C. Such corporations controlled all aspects of their operations' businesses. D. These corporations operated using predatory pricing.

C. Such corporations controlled all aspects of their operations' businesses.

Which of the following describes the traveling salesmen of the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. Many men sought these jobs because they appreciated independence and autonomy. B. Nineteenth-century salesmen were little different from their eighteenth-century predecessors. C. They helped build nationwide distribution networks for a multitude of products. D. Salesmen, like workers, organized to improve their wages and working conditions.

C. They helped build nationwide distribution networks for a multitude of products.

In 1891, the Texas Alliance proposed cooperative enterprise to Select one: A. provide a safe place for farmers' savings. B. reduce the influence of government in agriculture. C. give farmers access to cheap credit. D. fight inflation.

C. give farmers access to cheap credit.

State Granger laws were designed primarily to Select one: A. regulate prices. B. require banks to be more generous in granting loans. C. regulate big business. D. decrease wholesale commodity prices.

C. regulate big business.

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." This statement by an iron molder refers to Select one: A. industrial unionism. B. yellow-dog contracts. C. scientific management. D. working conditions for breaker boys.

C. scientific management.

New immigration patterns in the early twentieth century reflected growing emigration from Select one: A. the British Isles. B. north and central Europe. C. southern and Eastern Europe. D. eastern Africa.

C. southern and Eastern Europe.

Founded in 1867, the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry Select one: A. built railroad networks to lower farmers' transportation costs. B. agitated for laws to exclude immigrants from the Homestead Act. C. sponsored events to improve the social life of farm families. D. worked with state and national banks to reduce inflation.

C. sponsored events to improve the social life of farm families.

After the Civil War, Republican economic policies led to Select one: A. sustained inflation. B. significant tax increases. C. the dominance of large corporations. D. huge budget deficits.

C. the dominance of large corporations.

As American industry expanded in the late nineteenth century, its energy source shifted from Select one: A. electricity to steam. B. coal to iron. C. water to coal. D. steam to water.

C. water to coal.

Critics of the arguments expressed in the excerpt above

Challenged the dominant corporate ethic in the United states

The artists of the illustration above would claim

Corruption in government as it relates to big business is the problem

What was the main gilded age economic concern addressed in the cartoon above

Currency

Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War? Select one: A. Rapid price inflation B. A shortage of agricultural products C. Slowing immigration D. A higher standard of living

D. A higher standard of living

Who of the following represented the American notion that through hard work, even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful? Select one: A. John D. Rockefeller B. Thomas Edison C. Jay Cooke D. Andrew Carnegie

D. Andrew Carnegie

The development of print advertising illustrates the significance of which late-nineteenth-century phenomenon? Select one: A. The importance of proper labeling on food packages B. Government intervention to ensure pure food and drugs C. Consumers' desire for information about the products they consumed D. Businesses creating demand for brand names

D. Businesses creating demand for brand names

What late-nineteenth-century development made it possible for rural Americans to participate in the national consumer culture? Select one: A. Billboards B. Store chains C. Automobiles D. Catalogs

D. Catalogs

Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s? Select one: A. The gold standard B. The graduated income tax C. Ending Reconstruction D. Inflation

D. Inflation

Which magazine was the first to take advantage of advertising revenue to build mass readership, with over one million subscribers? Select one: A. The Saturday Evening Post B. The Atlantic Monthly C. Time Magazine D. Ladies' Home Journal

D. Ladies' Home Journal

Which of the following were skilled workers with a relatively high degree of autonomy in the 1870s? Select one: A. Assembly-line workers B. Labor gangs C. Domestic servants D. Machinists

D. Machinists

Which of the following statements characterizes the employment of women in the American labor force during the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. In 1890, almost half of all married white women worked outside the home. B. By the 1920s, the two-career marriage was the middle-class norm. C. Young women were not encouraged to enter the workforce until they married. D. More than 75 percent of all stenographers and typists were female.

D. More than 75 percent of all stenographers and typists were female.

Why was the American Federation of Labor more successful than the Knights of Labor in the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. The Knights' push for practical job interests was not idealistic enough. B. The Knights were too restrictive. C. The AFL was open to all workers. D. The AFL focused on goals such as better wages, hours, and working conditions.

D. The AFL focused on goals such as better wages, hours, and working conditions.

Which of the following was a nineteenth-century example of a trade union? Select one: A. The Farmer's Alliance B. The Greenback-Labor Party C. The Grange D. The American Federation of Labor

D. The American Federation of Labor

Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significant? Select one: A. It led to an eight-hour day for McCormick workers. B. It demonstrated the professionalization of Chicago's police force. C. It created greater public respect for unions. D. The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor.

D. The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor.

During the late 1800s, an adult male immigrant from which of the following locations would most likely be a skilled worker? Select one: A. Italy B. Poland C. Greece D. Wales

D. Wales

The Knights of Labor advocated which of the following reforms in their 1878 platform? Select one: A. The right to bear arms B. The family wage C. Workers' revolution D. Workplace safety laws

D. Workplace safety laws

Gustavus Swift boosted productivity in his Chicago slaughterhouses in the 1860s by using Select one: A. the closed shop. B. horizontal integration. C. the foreman system. D. assembly lines.

D. assembly lines.

In terms of membership, the Knights of Labor discriminated Select one: A. against unskilled laborers. B. against women. C. by ethnicity. D. by excluding the Chinese.

D. by excluding the Chinese.

The outcome of the implementation of scientific management was Select one: A. decreasing production efficiency. B. that workers found unions less appealing. C. resistance from managers. D. resistance from workers.

D. resistance from workers.

Which of the following groups was most sympathetic to concerns expressed in the testimony above

Populists

The illustration above was likely created In support of

Reform politics and creating stronger government oversight of the economy

The view of the poor in the quote above is most consistent with the ideology of

Social darwinism

Late 19th century critics of the ideology expressed in the quote above

Societal good could be advanced through the social gospel

Between 1800 and 1900 the largest group of immigrants to the us came from

Southern and Eastern Europe

Which 19th century reform movement was most closely associated with the activities described above

The social gospel