APUSH Chapter 3 Vocabulary

John Calvin

(1509-1564) Protestant reformer; published a book called Institutes of the Christian Religion; faith will save you, not good deeds; absolute sovereignty of God; predestination or "eternal decree"; kept baptism and the Lord's summer; made Geneva a Protestant city

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

King Philip (Metacom)

A Native American chief that mounted a war on the English that was named after him. Following his death, his head was mounted on a stake and left in the center of Boston for centuries.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan citizen that went against traditional teachings. She believed in aninominism, or the belief that if you were truly saved you did not have to follow the laws.

Pilgrims

A group of Puritan known as Separatists that moved to Plymouth after leaving the Netherlands, which happened after they left England. They were extremely religious and much more extreme than the Puritans.

Quakers

A religious group that settled in Pennsylvania. They refused to take oaths and would shake during their religious ceremonies. Their name is derived from this motion. They were pacifists and extremely religious.

Puritans

A religious group that was prosecuted in England for their extreme religious beliefs. They wanted to get rid of all Catholic traditions in the Church of England. They founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther.

Separatists

Extreme Puritans. They became known as the Pilgrims and moved to Plymouth.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded by the Puritans, this was a strict, religious colony. You had to be a member of the state supported church, though clergy could not hold government office.

John Winthrop

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He exiled both Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams for their extreme religious beliefs.

Roger Williams

He was a Salem Minister that advocated for complete separation from the Church of England. He also believed that there should be a separation of church and state and that the Native Americans should have been compensated for the land. He was exiled to Rhode Island.

Rhode Island

Nicknamed "The Sewer" by the Puritans, this middle colony was tolerant of religions and various ethnic groups. Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams both fled to this colony.

King James

The King that feared the Puritans would overthrow him. It was his son Charles that really persecuted them though.

Duke of York

The brother of King Charles II. He was given the land of New Amsterdam and it was then renamed after him.

Plymouth

The colony settled by the Pilgrims. Later, it was officially absorbed into the Massachusetts Bay colony.

William Penn

The founder of Pennsylvania, this man was a Quaker citizen that founded Philadelphia as the city of brotherly love to show the values he admired. He kept peace with the Native Americans.

Dutch-New Netherlands

This colony later became known as New York after King Charles II granted it to his brother the Duke of York. Over half of the citizens were already British Citizens, but New Amsterdam was already a melting pot of cultures.

New England Confederation

This was the first step toward colonial unity. Made up of Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony, and two Connecticut colonies, it was an exclusive Puritan group that excluded liberal Rhode Island.