A.P.U.S.H Chapter 7 - Important / Key Details

Non-importation agreements

Colonists adopted these agreements against British goods. Colonists made their own homespun garments and this further unified the American people for the first time in a common action.

Declaratory Act of 1766

1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and passed this act which reaffirmed Parliament's right to "bind" the colonies.Line in sand drawn.

Quartering Act

1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Republicanism

A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence (was a Founding Father of the United States and a political theorist who protested British taxation without representation, uniting the American colonies in the fight for independence during the Revolutionary War.)

Merantilism

British authorities supported the this theory that justified their control over the colonies. Mercantilists believed that wealth was power and that a country's economic wealth was measured by the amount of gold and silver inits treasury. They wanted to possess colonies to supply the mother country with raw materials and provide a market for exports.

Stamp Act Congress of 1765

Colonists outcried against the stamp tax. In 1765 their formed a Stamp Act Congress which gathered in New York City, 27 delegates from nine colonies. The members debated and then drew up a statement of their rights and grievances and asked the king and Parliament to repeal the offensive legislation.Beginning of the steps toward intercolonial unity.

Committee of Correspondence

Committees of Correspondence were created by the American colonies in order to maintain communication with one another. They were organized in the decade before the Revolution when communication between the colonies became essential.

"Rights of Englishmen"

Desired by the early colonists as opposed to full break from England

Explain how each event caused the next event to happen in the following sequence: Stamp Act - Townshend Acts - Boston Massacre

Each event here has led to the next one in a connective type of way. The Stamp act was a measure to raise revenue in support of the new military force. This act mandated the use of stamped paper, or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of taxes. Because of the attempt at the stamp act, the British parliament passed new Acts two years later known as the Townshend acts. These acts specifically taxed the goods imported to the American colonies, unlike their attempt with the stamp act where every piece of paper the colonists used was taxed. Colonists hated these Townshend acts, they turned a little rebellious, and took these acts less seriously. They taunted different Redcoat officers, and the officers and citizens got into a brawl. This fight ended with a bloody outcome, where the redcoats shot and stabbed the citizens. This event came to be known as the Boston Massacre. That is how these three events led to each other, or affected each other's outcome.

Quebec Act

Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies.

Sugar Act of 1764

First law passed by Parliament that raised tax revenues in the colonies for the crown. It increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.

Lexington and Concord

Fought on April 19, 1775, kicked off the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). ... On the night of April 18, 1775, hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to seize an arms cache.

Marquis de Lafayette

French who was made a major general in the colonial army at the age of 19; the "French Gamecock"; his services were invaluable in securing further aid from France.

Valley Forge

Functioned as the third of eight winter encampments for the Continental Army's main body, commanded by General George Washington, during the American Revolutionary War. In September 1777, Congress fled Philadelphia to escape the British capture of the city.

Hessians

German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty.

King George III

He was King of Great Britain, and king of Ireland in the late 17th century, to the early 18th century. He was king up till his death in 1820. He was known to actually rule the British kingdom through the cruel and turbulent times. This included the American Revolutionary war, in which afterwards the colonies gained independence. Because of him, the Revolutionary war lasted longer than it should have. He refused to give up / surrender any colonies, which caused the brutal battle to last multiple years.

Thomas Hutchinson

He was a Businessman, historian, and a very well known Loyalist politician of Massachusetts bay. People referred to him as, "the most important figure / person on the loyalist side, in Pre - revolutionary Massachusetts". He was also known to play numerous roles in events that led up to the American Revolution.

How did the British victory in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) become one of the causes of the American Revolution?

In the seven years war, the British took victory, and because of this, War permanently removed the French threat to the colonies. After this, the French helped the colonies win their independence, as revenge against the British people. As for getting this revenge, it created more conflict between the British and the french, and it shows that British victory in the Seven years war, could have been the reason they failed to take victory during the American revolution, all because the French were still against them, and helped try to defeat them. That is how the seven years war victory could have led to the cause of the American revolution.

First Continental Congress

Met in Philadelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the Intolerable Acts.The 13 colonies, excluding Georgia, sent 55 men to the convention. The 1st Continental Congress was not a legislative body, but a consultative body, and convention rather than a congress.After 7 weeks of deliberation, the first Continental Congress drew up several papers. The papers included a Declaration of Rights and solemn appeals to other British-American colonies, to the king, and to the British people.

Boston Tea Party

On December 16, 1773, a band of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea.

Crispus Attucks

One of the first men to die in the Boston Massacre.1770

Boston Port Act

One such law was the Boston Port Act. It closed the Boston harbor until damages were paid and order could be ensured.

Sons & Daughters of Liberty

Organizations that led protests, helped American soldiers, instated a boycott, and generally resisted the British. (Protest the passing of the Stamp Act of 1765. Their motto was, "No taxation without representation." The Bostonians Paying the Excise-man, or Tarring and Feathering, 1774.)

Navigation Law

Parliament passed this law to regulate the mercantilist system. 1650 enacted to prevent Dutch shippers from making their way into the American trade. The law required that all commerce flowing too and from the colonies could be transported only in British vessels.

George Grenvill

Prime Minister of England.Ordered in 1763 the British Navy to begin strictly enforcing the Navigation laws. Secured Sugar Act from Parliament.

Minute Men

Rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the first battle of the Revolution

Radical Whigs

Second idea that shaped American political though derived from British political commentators. The Whigs feared that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of the monarch.

Admiralty Courts

Stamp Act and Sugar Act offenses were tried in this court. Juries were not allowed and the burden of proof was on the defendant. All were assumed to be guilty until proven innocent. Trial by jury and innocent until proven guilty were basic rights that the British people everywhere had held dear.

What was so "intolerable" about the intolerable acts? How did Americans react to them?

The Americans did not react well to the 'Intolerable Acts' whatsoever. The Intolerable acts were Acts passed by Parliament that overall punished the people of Massachusetts for their actions dealing with the Boston tea party. Americans hated these acts because it limited their rights, made restrictions on town meetings, and stated that officials who killed colonists in the line of duty would be sent to Great Britain for trial. Also some acts incorporated within the Intolerable acts, overall gave the local authority more power, and the people of Massachusetts less power, less rights, and less freedom. So because they were losing freedom, rights, and because they were being punished, the Americans were furious. That is what the Intolerable Acts were, and how the Americans reacted to them.

When was the Boston Tea Party?

The Date of - December 16, 1773

The Association

The creation of The Association was the most important outcome of the Congress. It called for a complete boycott of British goods; nonimportation, non-exportation, and non-consumption.

The Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing three - five Americans. The citizens were provoking the soldiers, throwing stuff at them, and it costed them their lives. The British claimed they acted in self defense.

Why did the Stamp Act make the colonists so angry? How did the British react to the colonial protests?

The stamp act did indeed make the colonists very angry. The colonists were angered by this act, because they needed to pay a lot of taxes, they needed to almost empty their wallets for this stamp act. Not only that, but at the same time they were slowly losing rights, and getting more laws put on their shoulders. They started many different protests to try and get out of paying the kings war debt, but none of them worked. The British hated these acts, and reacted strongly to the protests. They felt that their own solemn rights were violated, and were furious with the Parliament. That is how The stamp act played out, and what the British people thought of the stamp act.

When was the Stamp Act Passed?

The year of 1765

When were the Townshend Acts passed?

The year of 1767

When was the Boston Massacre?

The year of 1770

When was the First Continental Congress?

The year of 1774

When were the Intolerable/Coercive Acts?

The year of 1774

When was the Battle of Lexington & Concord?

The year of 1775

Explain how each event caused the next event to happen in the following sequence: Boston Tea Party - Intolerable Acts - 1st Continental Congress - Battle of Lexington & Concord

These events indeed tie into each other. It started with the Boston tea party. This was an event where Bostonians dressed as Indians boarded the docked ships, smashed 342 chests of tea, and dumped their contents into the Atlantic ocean. Because of this event, Parliament was furious, and took actions into their own hands. They passed a form of laws / acts called the Intolerable Acts. These specific Acts were passed to punish the people of Massachusetts for their actions in the Boston Tea Party. The parliament limited rights, Restrictions were placed, and people had to go to trial if they killed any colonists while on duty. After a little while, in 1774 The First continental congress met in Philadelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the intolerable Acts. And after several weeks The congress drew up different papers and documents, that were directed toward the British- American colonies, to the king, and to the British people. However, even after this, the drift to war continued. Parliament rejected the congress's petitions. Violators of the association were tarred and feathered. Muskets were gathered, men began to drill openly, and a clash seemed imminent. In April 1775, the British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to nearby Lexington and Concord.This soon led to the "Lexington Massacre", and then to a war known as The Battle Of Lexington And Concord. That is how each of these events led to the next one.

Intolerable Acts

These were punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British.

Virtual Representation

This is the idea that, Members of the Parliament, including the lords and the crown in parliament, reserved the right to speak for the interests of the British subjects, instead of the interests of the district that had elected them, or for the regions in which they held peerages, and spiritual sway.

Camp Followers

Women and children who followed the Continental Army during the American Revolution, providing vital services such as cooking and sewing in return for rations.